Mental retardation
What is mental retardation?
-There are three criteria by which to judge whether a person is mentally retarded or not, the three criteria include the following:
-The level of brain function, and the IQ (Q I) which is under 70-75.
-Limitations in two or more skills by person per day.
-Act childish behaviour which stands at the age of 18 or less.
* What skills necessary for daily human?
Are the skills the person needs to practice daily life to work, play or live generally in society. These skills also include the means of communication and interaction with others, take care of self, everyday life at home, enjoying and enjoyment of life, health and safety, guidance, academic posts (read-write-the basics of the sport).
And evaluate the skills of the person in charge of all the life steps for sentence, but a person who suffers from a lack of mental functions and has no limitations in everyday skills not diagnosed as mental retardation.
* The impact of mental retardation:
We find that this disease is very supportive with the u wave and Ness b original August e Balch of the blood to the right and to the AG 10 times, about 28 times the nerve tract abnormalities such as incomplete lumbar "Spina Bifida" and about 25 injured. And it happens to everyone regardless of ethnic differences-the socio-economic, educational, and it occurs 1: 10 ratio varies with every individual affected by its symptoms just like each individual abilities differ from each other. Influenced by about 87 percent moderately so as to be able to acquire information or new skills a bit slower on average. For children do not obvious these disabilities in preschool until you join, there are a percentage of adults have to rely on themselves and life quite naturally cannot be classified under any type of mental disability with the remainder 13% which is IQ people under 50 (q) "I Q" which represent a severe shortcoming over function in the human body, but with early intervention can improve various functions.
* Diagnosis of mental retardation:
-Mental retardation is diagnosed in three stages:
1. first stage:
Standard intelligence tests, and skills tests.
2. phase II:
-Description of the weaknesses of the individual according to the four dimensions:
1. mental and behavioural skills.
2. psychological and emotional considerations.
3. environmental considerations.
4. considerations of physical/health/medical reasons.
-Identify weaknesses or strengths in one of the following ways:
1. test.
2. the note.
3. interview the persons who play a major role in the life of a disabled person.
4. talk to the disabled person himself.
5. interaction with the person in daily life.
3. phase III:
-Determine what amount of assistance by specialized personnel, and the person may need one of the following four degrees of assistance:
1. temporary assistance:
Which is when you need them, when requested by a person not continuously (such as assistance in finding a new job).
2. limited assistance:
It is made for a specific time, such as the transition from school to work, or when training on the job.
3. permanent assistance:
And is the opposite of temporary assistance and limited is not associated with or by time, are on a daily basis at home and work, but three of these types at the same time it is possible that a person needs in all areas of life, even if on a daily basis.
4. General assistance:
Which is steadily fixed on a daily basis and in all areas of life.
* What is your mental age?
"Mental age" is a term used in IQ tests to measure IQ are whether the person issuing reactions commensurate with standards issued by a natural person of the same age, it is common to use the term walkhta when sentencing the disabled person in his journal that looks smaller than year so as not to be used outside the IQ.
* The actual causes of underdevelopment:
Person with mental retardation or disability from childhood do not occur in adulthood and occurs for any reason hampering the growth of the brain naturally BC or during birth or in early childhood. Was discovered several hundred reasons, but in about 1/3 of the cases have not been reached.
* There are three major diseases of mental retardation:
1. Mongol gawk "syndrome daoon Dawn Syndrome"
2- "Fetal Alcohol Syndrome"
3. "bug in the chromosomes of Fragile X-Syndrome"
• Reasons are classified as follows:
1. genetic reasons:
And produce something in the genes that parents, or property bequeathed in genetic composition, or of any genetic disorders during pregnancy produces when exposed to infection or excessive exposure to x-rays (x-ray) or other factors, more than 500 patients is associated with mental retardation have a genetic cause. Common examples occur when x l in g n one only leads to crashes in the metabolism of children before birth as a result of a glitch in one of the enzymes. Daoon syndrome caused by faulty chromosomes in most or some of them, as a result of a change in the structure of chromosomes. As for (Fragile X-syndrome) comes as a result of a bug in the chromosomes (x) resulting in its inheritance and mental retardation.
2. problems during pregnancy:
It is possible to cause alcohol during pregnancy this disability, substance abuse, smoking, poor nutrition, environmental pollution, the mother is infected with an illness during pregnancy (toxoblazmoziz – syphilis – rubella – Seto migalovers). The mother is also infected with the HIV virus (H I V) AIDS spread to her fetus or nervous system damage after his birth.
3. problems during childbirth:
-And their causes are:
-No pressure on the child abnormally during birth affects the child's brain and cause injuries.
-Delivery time.
-Decrease in the weight of the child.
These are the cases that most others forecast the possibility of mental retardation.
4. problems after birth:
-The following diseases:
1. whooping cough.
2. smallpox.
3. measles.
4. hip flu which in turn lead to meningitis (meningitis) walladmaghet (anencephaly) and serious damage occurring in the brain.
5. exposure to accidents and head injury.
6. exposure to drowning.
7. lead or mercury poisoning, or any other environmental toxins.
5. poverty and low cultural level:
Children from poor families are more likely to have mental retardation due to malnutrition, the reasons that lead to the spread of disease, lack of care or medical care, exposure to environmental health hazards. As these families do not allow their children to receive an appropriate level of awareness which may be available to others in civilized societies.
* Can prevent mental retardation?
In the last 30 years, the results of the research made significant progress in the prevention of mental retardation, by preventing the causes that can lead to:
1. prevention etc for which occurs in the metabolism which is known as (Phenyl ketonuria), through the work of inspection and tests for newborns and a certain diet.
2. Prevention of deficiency hypothyroidism (Congenital Hypothyroidism) by newborn screening and treatment with thyroid hormone replacement.
3. through the use of antihistamines (Anti-RH Globulin Immue) to prevent infection (H R) and yellow in newborn babies.
4. vaccination vaksin hip to prevent avian flu HYIP.
5. hip vaksin vaccination to prevent measles.
6. German measles vaksin vaccination (rubiella. ") to prevent infection during pregnancy.
7. Elimination of lead in the environment where it works on brain damage in children.
8. use preventive methods to prevent injury to children, such as seat belts in cars, motorcycles or khwazeh.
9. early care prenatal during pregnancy contributes to the prevention of many diseases, such as the treatment of pregnant women (A T Z) to protect her unborn child from AIDS if the carriers of the disease, such as diet (folic acid) which reduces the risk of neural tract malformations.
10. There are many research for drugs that address the faulty genes when a small child.
