generainformation

Friday, November 9, 2012

About Bone Marrow "bone marrow"

About Bone Marrow "bone marrow"
Definition of bone marrow:
Is the inner part of the spongy bone shape and Channel cores in the long bones and consists of Stroma in vain and cells Cells, and its main function the formation of blood cells and put inside the blood vessels.
Bone marrow components:
As mentioned in the definition marrow consists of:
1. Warp (which consists of connective tissue reticular any form of retinal fibers and cells of the retina). Within the warp related to the arteries and veins and many pockets great and thin walls containing cells in the walls stable retinal lined with limits is clear, but when you need separate and turn in the shape of the phagocyte cells become great free travel in the blood. The importance of blood vessels in the warp (ie, vascular medullary) they are configuring the blood cells and regulate the entry of cells into the blood by the body's need as you بمقام refinery to these cells.2. Cells ... Namely:• adipocytes Adipose cells• adult blood cells, no red, white and lymph.• fragrances blood cells, a common cell that generate red blood cells and white, and platelets.• cells represent successive stages of the emergence of red blood cells and white, and platelets.• cells Msoria Plasma cells.• hotbeds of lymphoid tissue.
Bone marrow:
• In the fetus, children and adults up to age 21, there is in all bone marrow bone cavities.• In any adult after the age of 21 years it is:1. Bone cavities and flat surface, a collarbone and sternum and skull, spine and ribs, shoulder and pelvis.2. Major parties round bone Kaazam thigh, leg and arm.
Be and the evolution of bone marrow:
- Consists of bone marrow at the end of the second month of fetal, but its significance start of the fifth month and range up at birth and continue throughout life in the production of blood cells.- During the first seven years of human life there is bone marrow Red (of the many contains the erythroid cells Rouge stages of their formation different) in all cavities bone, then begin to recede from the bones of the parties tyro fingers hands and feet and advanced gradually toward the trunk leaving the place Nkhaaa yellow oily, This change will continue until the age of twenty-first.- The bone in the ribs, sternum, skull, clavicle, vertebral bodies and pelvic bones remains red line throughout life.- Both types of spinal tissue (red and yellow) is able to switch to the other type that when forcing the body to quickly meet the blood for emergency blood loss, the bone turns yellow to red marrow active.
The size of the bone marrow and weight:
- The size of the bone marrow of 3.5-6% of the volume of rights.- And a weight of 1600-3700 g in an adult.
Bone marrow functions:
1. Configure different red blood cells and white, and platelets.2. Organizing the passage of various blood cells and maintaining the ratio in the blood as it does not present in the blood only when needed and incompleteness.3. Responsible for the formation of antibodies within the rest of the centers and the most important immune spleen Spleen and lymphatic system.4. To destroy the blood cells advanced age.5. His bone formation through the demolition of the blanks unnecessary bone and formation of new bone with physical growth and needs.6. Is a repository for important in the formation of iron Hb.7. Contains cells omnivorous (Dermanyssus gallinae).

About uvula inside the human mouth

About uvula inside the human mouth

Uvula is the emergence of muscle consists of glandular epithelial tissue, conical, hanging from the soft palate soft palate, with a length of 15 - 35 mm. And is located near the back of the throat
It hung at the top of the back of the mouth.

The origin of the word Uvula derived from the Greek word "uva" means grape, because the shape of the uvula resemble grapes

In the case of recurrent inflammation of tonsillitis uvula exposed to severe acute, and if it turns chronic inflammation to the situation becomes chronic swelling of the soft palate may need to process resections
And in the case of injury to the throat, it could covering membrane liar.

Most references of medical neglect of the soft palate, but it is not without interest, are: -

- Contribute to the process of taste
- As well as to raise vomiting, and this is useful if you want to empty the stomach in cases of poisoning
- Have a role in the creation of human voices
- Play an important role in the output of consonants, especially in Arabic, German and French

Long uvula dangling may cause sleep problems out sound during sleep (when shaken) and apnea, which may claim to partial or total Astsal of the epiglottis

The birth of a child with cleft palate is rare and may be associated with cleft palate also

About pharynx found in the human body

About pharynx found in the human body
Pharynx is a muscular tube, a length of about 12 cm, heading down, calling seven slots: slot mouth, opened a nose hind, Two Astekeus slots, and slot throat.
Pharynx common corridor for air and food.
Pharynx located beneath the skull and behind two Almnkharan slots and touches the back of the intervertebral which serves as the basis sliding pharynx and esophagus during swallowing processes and move the neck.
Pharyngeal wall consists of a thin circular fibers longitudinally and three sphincter muscles, allowing him to carry out the function of swallowing, where she works circular muscle fiber, where open pharynx muscle to bite and then constrict it Vtdfha to fall forward toward the esophagus.
Pharyngeal wall consists of two types of fabric by function, Valjze throat - nasal - consists of mucous tissue (epithelial) Emadi fringed as in the respiratory tract, while the rest of its parts Vmbtna squamous membrane applied as in the gastrointestinal tract.
Pharynx longitudinally consists of three parts:
• Part throat - nasal: It is a solid base to roll open the front to breathe, either from the rear pharyngeal remains stiff Association, Central, which remains free breathing passage. In this section opens Fallopian Awstakeos on the side wall above the soft palate.• Part throat - oral: from the back consists of three muscles sphincter, and closes after swallowing a bit of food, either out of swallowing remains open for breathing and the front closes one third back of the San and separating it from the mouth Algndbtan front (column throat front) and separated from throat epiglottis.• Part throat - laryngeal: the back wall consists of three Aasrat growths hanging until the level of the vocal cords. And on each side of the epiglottis mucous membrane extends up the side wall of the pharynx, and this membrane is what is known herewith pharynx - Almes tongue, and separating the pharyngeal opening - oral and pharyngeal opening - laryngeal. And from the bottom Atafr p into two branches, one gastrointestinal and respiratory esophagus and second, a throat.
Knows the bottom surface of the part throat - nasal soft palate SOFT PALATE, and consists of peritonitis (membrane) Powered by muscles, cause a change in the shape and location, and is characterized by the presence of a large number of mucous glands, serological, and muscle dynamics are:- Article palate muscle- Crane palate muscle
And covers the soft palate squamous membrane applied to the oral surface and the back of the nasal surface, and includes oral sewn on some taste buds, while sewn nasal respiratory membrane covered include small mucous glands, and epithelial tissue Emadi fringed.
And the soft palate valve function, where he closes the oral part of the pharynx from the mouth during chewing so as not to be impeded breathing and separates the oral part of the nasal part of the pharynx during swallowing so as not to pass some food particles into the nose. It also plays a role in changing the sound quality during a speech, and man can not speak for not connect to the mouth, pharynx, it is not possible to output speech from the nose.
Receives pharynx arteries of lateral carotid artery and maxillary artery.Itasb pharynx nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system and the great of nervo - pharyngeal, and nerve disease - contagious, and from the spinal cord

About capillaries in the human body

About capillaries in the human body
Capillaries a channel very precise, like hair diameter ranges between 0.007 - 0.014 mm, ranging along the filament between 0.5 - 1 mm, and consists Jdraha of layer Mobiles one, numbering ten billion Rite, and length combined about 80 thousand kilometers. The combined area of approximately 500 square meters
The key to the blood circulatory system, linking small arteries veins are small, and have permeability that facilitate the spread of nutrients and waste and gases between the blood in the capillaries and the fluid surrounding the cells of the body interstitial fluid
And an extensive network of pipelines is very narrow, allowing a narrow diameter of the blood flow and slow so that it can perform its function exchange of gases and nutrients.
Functions capillaries
Capillaries has the following functions:
- The exchange of gas exchange gases between the blood and tissues of the body- The exchange of nutrients nutrients and quotients metabolism between blood and body- Filter and purify the blood of toxins and waste wastes across whiskers gathered in college known as "kippah renal"- Create peripheral resistance to blood flow- Contribute to the preservation of the venous return and Hesel heart and arterial pressure
Blood pressure in the capillaries:
Blood pressure in the capillaries is not static, or similar, is on the arterial side about 40 mm Hg, and gradually reduce as we head toward the venous end becomes in the middle of 30 mm Hg, and decreased at the venous end of up to 15 mm Hg.
The pressure in the capillaries depends on case of arterioles nutrients, and veins, enlarging arterioles increases blood pressure in the capillaries, and contrast, the narrowing of veins related Balsairat raises blood pressure within Cgarat.
There are several factors that affect the pressure inside the capillaries:
- Neurological factors: Vatharh constrictor nerves bristles lead to higher pressure inside
- Chemical agents:
A - a hormone anti urinating A.D.H. Strait of filaments and thus raise blood pressure withinB - quotients metabolism such as carbon dioxide or histamine and acid milk telangiectasia فتخفض blood pressure withinT - adrenaline and Nord epinephrine Biqan relieved the pressure inside capillariesW - acetylcholine expanded filaments decreases pressure inside
- Factors mechanism:
A - Qatar arterioles: extend arterioles leads to the flow of a large amount of blood it were expandedB - venous pressure: increased pressure on the veins prevents the flow of blood from the capillaries, relieved the pressure in the capillariesT - gravity: reduce the pressure in the capillaries highest level of the heart, and raise the pressure in the capillaries below the level of the heart
- Physical factors:
A - warmth works on extended by low pressure insideB - cold working on Tadhagaha and pressure rises inside

About glands under the jaw teeth rights

About glands under the jaw teeth rights

They form a triangle, and weighing between 7-8 g, and is located in the region under the hyoid, within the lower jaw.

Include serous alveoli and mucosa, accounts for a small Avsasa portfolio of connective tissue, and also surrounded by dense fibrous portfolio, issued capsulatum class of deep cervical fascia.

Consists of two lobes:

• lobe surface: Located in the region triangular bottom body the lower jaw, and separated from the parotid gland from behind Association jaw needle (Rabat mandibular needle) stylomandibular ligament, and is located in front of muscle stylohyoid stylohyoid muscle and Association jaw needle, and there on the side hole submandibular , and the class capsulatum of deep cervical fascia, and muscle tablet (the skin of the neck muscle) Platysma Muscle and skin.
• deep lobe: extends forward between hyoid jaw muscles from the bottom and sides, and in the middle of the muscles under the linguistic and linguistic needle.

Information on the classification of bones

Information on the classification of bones

Bone is divided into four categories: long, short, flat and irregular.
It is classified as three varieties:

- Axial Axial bones:

They that are the walls of the cavities in the body that are located within the members of a noble, whereupon the walls protection Mahtwayatea and guard against external influences, namely:
A - the bones of the spine, including the bones of the sacrum and coccyx
B - the bones of the skull and some bones associated
T - the lower jaw
W - ribs and sternum

- Bone growths Appendicular:

It is those bones that form the structure the outskirts of the body is working to connect and download muscle, contributing by helping them to perform their function, namely:
A - pelvic bones bottom is reached by the femur axial structure
B - the bones of the upper basin, reached the shoulder bones of the forearm bones
T - upper limb bones (humerus, shoulder), and lower limb bones (femur and hip)
W - the bones of the arm and leg bones
C - the bones of the hand and foot bones

- Bones sesame Sesamoids:

It is similar with sesame seeds, and there are some strings

About chest muscles

About chest muscles

Also called respiratory muscles

- Intercostal muscles (between the ribs): mission linking rib each other, which is located in two layers:
A - Foreign back of a thick, thin and transparency of Imam
B - internal transparency from the back and thick from the front

- Crane thoracic ribs Levatores Costarum objecting Transversus Thoracic
- Lower rear gear Serratus Postero - Inferior or posterior inferior serratus muscle musculus serratus posterior inferior
- Serrated rear upper Serratus Postero - Superior or serratus posterior superior muscle musculus serratus posterior superior
- Diaphragm Diaphragm: thin membrane closes the hole bottom of the rib cage, an inspiratory muscle, is working to raise the ribs and expand the rib cage. (While exhaling muscles cut ribs and narrowing the rib cage)

Information on the nervous system of self

Information on the nervous system of self-
This device is called Balmata because Aasbha members show self-cramps when placed in the appropriate compromise of perfusion and ventilation is totally separated from the body, and because the contract has its own exist outside the nervous system.
It consists of nerve central and nerve terminals, and works on the innervation member involuntary in the body such as the heart, smooth muscle (such as members of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and reproductive systems ... etc.) and glands, it is responsible for the organization and the balance and stability of the middle interior of the body.
The different nerves of the nervous system among self-anatomically and functionally, and in usability alarm and various stimulants excitement, and based on different jobs or places of presence, the autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts:
- The sympathetic nerve- Anticholinergic nerve
Friendly device:
It consists of the spinal nerves that come from paragraphs or pieces thoracic and lumbar which are similar in function, and consists of the nerves and incoming friendly, and nerves outgoing and friendly.
contained issued guts and pass through friendly contract without working intertwined, and then enter the spinal nerve and reach the root nodes in the back of the spinal cord, then to the posterior horn of the gray matter, and there (intertwined) with neuron Penny ( connector), and this may be the fact that the first part of the Department of the local reflex.But some nerves follow its progress to higher self-centers in the brain.
Lama issued stockpiles nerve cells connected in the side of the century gray substance of the spinal cord in the area between the first paragraph bra to the second lumbar vertebrae.Neurons Alennkainip graduated from the root front then pass branches white them to existing nodes directly on the side of paragraphs and called this fiber b fiber by Streptococcus a short, and there follow its progress with spinal nerves front of intolerance muscle visceral smooth like blood vessels and sweat glands, and members of the urinary and reproductive systems, and these are called nerve fibers after nodal a long time.Chemical carrier in tangles is noradrenalin.
Anticholinergic device:
Consists of cranial nerves, and sacral spinal nerves in the second, third and fourth. And the other is composed of the nerves of the incoming and outgoing nerves.
Fiber contained Alennkainip comes from the guts to neurons located either in the contract in the sensory cranial nerves, or in a posterior root of the spinal cord. Then enters the neuron East to the central nervous system, and it becomes part of the Department of the local reflex, or he walks to higher self-centers in the brain.
The outgoing fiber are found cells in the nuclei of cranial nerves III and VII and IX and X, and in the gray matter of the sacral spinal nerves second, third and fourth. It is enough to make a century in the gray matter similar to the Horn of sympathetic nerves in the device.
Neurons Alennkainip graduated from the spinal cord through the spinal nerve roots forehand to reach nodes located away from the spinal cord, in User wall, so these neurons before the initial Streptococcus long unlike short neurons friendly, and intertwined with ganglion cells stimuli after very short.Chemical carrier counterpart in the complexity of the nerves friendly is .
What should be noted that the work of the two devices friendly and anticholinergic , thereby reducing the effects of the other, usually the role of the sympathetic system instigator, alarm or sexy, while the role of the anticholinergic negative or inhibitory.Friendly device increases the strength of the heart muscle or increase the number of heart beats, and causes blood vessels to narrow peripheral, and expands bronchial or pupil and raise blood pressure, but it relieves the spiral movement of the intestines, and narrows vesical sphincter and anal.
The device anticholinergic is energy recovery, it reduces the number of heart rate and increases the spiral movement of the intestines and gland activity, and opens vesical sphincter, and narrows the airways and the pupil.
Tangles (articulation):
Can be defined entanglement as a liaison between , contact Inorganic, and only connect to a chemical and functional, and is carried out through a gap tangles, and the transfer of alerts nerve where by chemicals called vector excreted from the end of the neuron in gap tangles, and depending on the type of these vectors, divides device self into two parts: - Koleyni, and
Self-cholinergic nervous system:
It is a device that is transferring the nerve Alsialp interwoven through the gap by the substance acetyl choline, is secreted carrier: -- All the nerve endings by Streptococcus friendly and friendly counterpart- Nerve endings after Streptococcus counterpart friendly- Nerve endings after the sweat glands Decadal
Self nervous system norepinephrine:
It includes all the nerve endings after Streptococcus friendly.Called on the cholinergic system construction nervous system increases the digestion and absorption of food, and the effectiveness of the intestines and digestive secretions.While the device is called norepinephrine nervous demolition device is working time of emergency, to protect the body, worked to tachycardia, high blood pressure and increased blood supply to the muscles.
Word .... Meaning
Self nervous system Autonomic Nervous SystemThe sympathetic nervous system (sympathetic) Sympathetic SystemAnticholinergic nervous system (Albarasmbthaway) Parasympathetic SystemIncoming nerve AfferentsNerves issued EfferentsGanglia decadeBy Streptococcus Pre-GanglionicAcetylcholine Acetyl CholineTangles (articulation) SynapsisGap tangles Synapsis GapCholinergic system AnabolicDevice norepinephrine Catabolic