Fifth cranial nerve: Triple TRIGEMINAL

Fifth cranial nerve: Triple TRIGEMINAL:

Is the fifth nerve of twelve cranial nerve on each side of the head, and symbolized by the code number 5 Roman writing: V. Atksm into 3 sections:
ophthalmic goes to the forehead and eye
maxillary goes to the cheeks
mandibular goes into the lower part of the face and jaw

The work of the fifth nerve is the sense of what happens to the face: touch, pain and temperature, as well as the movement of the muscles of mastication. (The rest of the muscles of the face-driven nerve VII - facial -)

 

IV Trochlear nerve, Oculomotor nerve III, VI Abducens nerve: oculomotor nerve Oculomotor nerve

IV Trochlear nerve, Oculomotor nerve III, VI Abducens nerve:
  oculomotor nerve Oculomotor nerve
Consists of two parts:
And part Barracambthaway: (general visceral efferent) and this feeds muscle small surrounding slot pupil by narrowing the pupil, for example, if the light is strong on the eye constrictor pupillae, and nourish the ciliary muscle ciliary muscles which muscle small stick lens eye Vtzhbha or leave it to focus the image on the retina. Pupillary light and accomodation reflexes.Walking between nerve superior cerebellar artery and posterior cerebral artery, then clipped the outer membrane surrounding the brain dura near the back extrusion brushes posterior clinoid process and then travels forward in the side of the cavernous vein. Then gradually descends to the bottom to enter the eye socket across the bottom of the top notch visual. There is divided into upper and Branch basement.
trochlear nerve IV:
It is the fourth cranial nerve which is very high which wraps around the brain stem and pierces the membrane surrounding the brain behind the third-place nerve then walks into a vein cavernous third subneural. It runs (Dgra) forward enters the eye socket of the upper part of the top notch visual, to enter the upper edge of the upper oblique muscle. Fagve Supreme oblique muscle superior oblique muscle nerves and this muscle movement is one of six out of the eye muscles make eye move into different directions.(RatesCheck to this nerve in the picture at the bottom and is in the top of the picture).
abducent nerve VI:Rectus feeds Foreign Almsaalh eye movement to the side. It has a long march he comes out of the lower part of the pons any in the posterior cranial fossa then pierces the membrane surrounding the brain and then enters the cavernous vein here is located along the internal carotid artery and then enters the eye socket through the lower part of the upper visual aspect.





All these nerves related vein cavernous cavernous sinus.

The cranial nerves

The cranial nerves:
Cranial nerves (cranial):
Is 12 nerve, and medical students to memorize their names and not just in numbers, even if it cost him an effort it is inevitable that because it is the basis for understanding the disease in the head and neck.
Cranial nerves III graduated from the front of the brain stem brainstem nerve except the fourth (Bakri open Alaba) that comes out from the back of the brain stem and then wraps up to the front of the brain stem.


First nerve: olfactory Olfactory:
Amralasb olfactory perforated plate bone Almnkhala. Nerve cell bodies are not in the brain but in the mucous membrane lining of the nose and sending nerves (graduated from the cell body to reach cell to another) is up nerves to the Olfactory bulb.

optic nerve: It is in fact prolong the brain more independent, which is the nerve center. The optic nerve on each side of the head arises from the optic stalk and is surrounded by three volumes that envelop the brain.
Place entering the optic nerve in the eye called optical disk optic disc. If increased pressure inside the head, the optical disk will be affected and you will get the changes papilloedema. Because the optic nerve is in fact part of the brain and not raw like the rest of it if nerves where the damage occurred, it will reconstitute itself as do the remaining nerves.If left optic nerve of the eye, it will go through the optic canal in the skull optic canal and which also contain the ophthalmic artery. Then meet nerves from both sides and Vicuan intersection optic optic chiasma. Here it is important to know that nerve fibers in the optic nerve, which is located on the the temporal fibres Foreign remaining nerve that runs on the outside, and the fiber that runs in the internal nasal fibers, they go to the second any left side to the right - and right to left.Fiber in the third-party receives from the inner side of the eyeFiber in the internal receive the image on the outer side of the eyeAfter the intersection out optic tract.

If damage to the optic tract in one of the points of the head, the man will get him: homonymous hemianopia.

Vertebral artery

Vertebral artery:


Vertebral artery and two and one in each hand vertebral arteriesA branch of the arteries under scapula subclavian arteries.When the vertebral artery arises, it enters through the holes in the side bumps in the upper six cervical vertebrae transverse foramen, a parallel route through the carotid artery, but isolated him.

 

When the first cervical vertebrae walking through the back arch artery for Atlas paragraph (the first cervical vertebrae) and then enters the skull through the large hole foramen magnum.
Intracranial arteries unite Fiqrien Akunan basilar artery basilar artery at the base of the medulla oblongata. Before that the vertebral artery are united with its owner gives inferior cerebellar artery back posterior inferior cerebellar artery, which equips the cerebellum and spinal medulla and Ansdadeh lead to many problems.
 

 

Basilar artery basilar gives branches to the brainstem brainstem and cerebellum cerebellum by anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and then through the hole internal audio internal internal auditory meatus, and ends that is divided into cerebellar artery top leftist and rightistright and left superior cerebellar arteriesAnd rear cerebral artery:posterior cerebral artery that connects the middle cerebral artery by artery rear connector posterior communicating arteryHowever anterior artery that connects between the arteries Almkhien Imami the bloody cycle Wallace completed Circle of Willis.
 

Processing blood to the brain is very important because it is the most prevalent diseases these days.

Information curious about the human body to Ataatahab!!!

Information curious about the human body to Ataatahab!!!

The amount of heat emitted per day of the average person's body enough to make 40 liters of water up to the point

Boiling!




Right lung in humans absorb the amount of air more than the quantity absorbed by the left lung, and reason

In the presence of heart down the left lung!



The results of medical studies that each cigarette smoked by a person deduct about 10 minutes from the old supposed to!



Contain live an adult ranges between 7 thousand and 15 thousand hair, but one eyebrow contains ranges between

450 and 600 hairs!




The size of a human embryo at the end of its third week no more than the size of a sesame seed, and weighed no more than the weight of a drop of water!




When one sleeps increase his height at a rate almost one centimeter, and because the body is relaxed condition, then back along the

Tall as they were after waking up, but if one estimated to grow tall!



When you sneeze, stop all the hardware in your body of work including the heart!




Human brain consumes 20 percent of the total oxygen absorbed by the body!

Blood-brain processing

Blood-brain processing:Blood comes to the brain by the carotid arteries on the front and back of the vertebral arteries, these arteries loop in the lower part of the brain called the loop Willis Circle Of WillisIt called on the name of the doctor of England, and Willis, who lived in the seventeenth century have studied brain anatomy and description nerves cranial (cranial) and learns them and still taught as described, and was also the first to describe the situation known as MYSTHENIA GRAVIS a weak and tired muscle, described the parts of the brain various white matter and lead-article and the link between certain areas of the brain, and cases of epilepsy and the possible reasons, as well as the blood-brain processing has been named the loop formed on the bottom surface of the brain to be named... Said he was giving his dinner once a week for the poor.Willis died at the age of 54 years old.
Possible to divide the artery into seven parts: part of my neck Cervical segment, part of the fossil bone Petrous segment, part in the slot Lacerum segment, part of the cavernous vein Cavernous segment, part brushes Clinoid segment, a theoretical part Ophthalmic, the latter part Communicating.
Cervical first part: starts from the first internal carotid artery consists of division of the common carotid artery to the carotid canal enters Carotid canal in the skull in front of jugular hole in the skull where left internal jugular vein skull INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN.In the beginning the internal carotid artery bulging and swelling called carotid sinus or carotid bulb. Moving internal carotid artery to the top of the neck inside the cover of so-called atmospheric carotid carotid sheath, and this march be front side outcrops of the top three cervical vertebrae. Then enters the skull through the carotid canal.
Part in the Stone bone Petrous segment:Turn internal carotid artery directly to runs horizontally forward within a channel in the bone steel temporal petrous part of the temporal bone, and here be in place in front of the ear Alosth and Interior then turns to the top to enter the cranial cavity through a hole internals FORAMEN LACERUM These are called hole but think of it as a conduit .When it reaches the internal carotid artery end of the carotid canal carotid canal, it is close to the node fifth cranial nerve Trigeminal ganglion separated only by thin bony roof and fading with age bony roof of the channel so that the node sit directly on the carotid artery and so it looks like it beats ..Within the channel carotid carotid artery surrounded by a sheath is the lengthening of the membrane envelope of the brain dura mater and also surrounded by a number of small veins and carotid fiber network is fiber nervous Smbthawayh. The branches here they are:the vidian artery or artery of the pterygoid canalthe caroticotympanic artery
Part in the slot Lacerum segment: a small part of the artery.
Cavernous segment:After that sagging internal carotid artery forward to enter the cavernous cavity CAVERNOUS SINUS a large vein on each side of the skull and is formed layers of the outer membrane of the brain dura mater, and then turns to the top and back in the cavity behind the extrusion brushes anterior clinoid process
Clinoid segment:Starting from the artery after it comes out of the cavernous vein
Ophthalmic segmentDo not forget the eye to branch OPHTHALMIC ARTERY who enters inside the eye canal with the optic nerve (ahem)
Communicating segment last part:Is divided into three branches:The anterior cerebral arteryMiddle cerebral arteryPosterior cerebral artery
And gives the internal carotid artery branches too small to the pituitary gland and nearby members before it is divided into three branches.

A deep lymph nodes Lower

A deep lymph nodes Lower:Present in the posterior triangle between the Sternomatoid Muscle and scapula Clavicle. Some of which are located under the muscle and called Jugulo-omohyoid contract or above the shoulder bone Supraclavicular Nodes (very important because some types of cancer show where, for example, cancer of the stomach, which may appear first in this decade)They take the lymph from the lower part of the neck and lymph nodes in the neck and Supreme well as breasts and members in the chest and abdomen. Of this group goes lymph Jugular Trunk which opens to the Thoracic Duct any thoracic lymphatic duct, or The Right Lymph Duct any right lymphatic duct.
There are four other groups of lymph nodes:OCCIPITAL on the blood vessels that are of the same namePOSTAURICULAR = RETRO-AURICULAR and behind the earPAROTID on the surface or within the major salivary glandBUCCAL on the surface of muscle BUCCINATOR
A set of three groups of lymph nodes:SUBMENTAL submandibular forwardSUBMANDIBULAR in submandibular salivary glandLymphoma deep Supreme: just mentionedLymph glands under the jaw take lymph of the tongue and face and pour in the upper deep glands.
Another group:INFRA HYOID They take lymph from the throatPARATRACHEAL any parallel to the trachea and is located between the trachea and esophagus, and approach her lymph from the middle part of the neck and then was hurt in the contract Lower Almufahalamiqh and Supreme

Lymph of the head and neck

Lymph of the head and neck:
There are a lot of small groups of lymph nodes and each has a name.
But there are two main groups due to it the whole lymph in the end: the group of lymph nodes deep upper and a deep lymph nodes lower.
Deep Supreme: take a place in the angle between the lower edge of the mandible and the muscle of STERNOMATOID MUSCLE and under this muscle, too, and their relationship with intravenous cervical internal INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN and the back of the muscle, which name DIGASTRIC so called this group of lymph nodes also b JUGULODIGASTRIC NODES. And usually feel one of these lymph nodes swollen and painful if infected almond inflammation so called contract tonsillar lymph.

Inner ear

Inner ear

 

The spiral part of the inner ear hearing Msaal
The three arcs channels are for balance
It is worth mentioning that we say that the three arcs are not separate but bones are cavities in the skull Dakhlve
I mean imagine, such as subway hollow that exists in the inner city

Facial nerve VII

Facial nerve VII: Facial nerve is the nerve on each side of the head and is the seventh of nerves skull (or cranial nerves), it emerges from the brain stem of the pons and the medulla, and controls the muscles face that gives expression and taste in two-thirds shrine of the tongue.It gives nerves Parra Smbthawayh preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the face and neck. Segment in which Almsaal movement and to transfer the kinetic part which comes from the facial nerve nucleus in the pons, while the sensory part comes from the nervus intermedius.
The kinetic part enters into hard bone in the temporal bone in the interior inside the hearing canal very close to the inner ear and then walks in the facial canal facial canal, a canal that passes from the middle ear, and be in his walk sharply Anhanaúan, then come out of the slot Stylomastoid foramen
Wimmer then within the salivary gland on the cheek, a parotid gland, and here is divided into 5 sections.

 

Geniculate ganglion: (from Latin genu, for "knee") a neurofibers group L-type, which is part of the facial nerve = seventh cranial nerve = facial nerve in the facial canal. It receives sensory motor fibers and Barracambthawayh
It sends nerves to the lacrimal gland and submandibular gland and linguistic gland under the tongue and roof of the mouth, pharynx and external auditory canal and middle ear muscle and the back of the muscle digastric muscle, and muscle stylohyoid muscle, and the muscles of facial expression.
Nerve sensation and nerve Albarasimbthawayh transmitted via the nervus intermedius nerve to node geniculate ganglion. Motor nerves are transmitted by the same nerve VII facial nerve proper.
From the front section of the the temporal nerve arises node biggest The greater petrosal nerve, which carries sensory nerves and nerves before nodal Barracambthawayh.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:E...y_numbered.svg
Cranial nerves VII and VIII and selected structures of the inner and middle ear. 1 Nervus vestibularis, 2 Nervus cochlearis, 3 Nervus intermediofacialis, 4 Ganglion geniculi, 5 Chorda tympani, 6 Cochlea, 7 Ductus semicirculares, 8 Malleus, 9 Membrana tympani, 10 Tuba auditiva

 

Internal auditory passage

Internal auditory passage, a passage in the temporal bone with the nerves inside the skull to the middle ear and the inner ear and length Sntmr and one does not transmit sound. But the facial nerve passes a nerve seventh Aljmb, and eighth nerve facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and artery labyrinthine artery, a branch of the basilar artery basilar artery. The nerve VII (facial) up to the ear drum from internal corridor and out to the outside Abrfathh Stylomastoid foramen.

the external ear

the external ear:

It combines sound waves any acoustic energy and concentration on the eardrum, especially in the fluctuation of 3000 Hz, it increases energy from 30 to 100 times, so be sensitive to the human voice in this volatility and harm which affects deaf ear, for example, so in this oscillation.
We see part of the external ear is the pinna which combines acoustic waves. It is composed of thin cartilage and associated organ around ligaments and muscles.
Many animals can intervene external ears toward the sound in order to hear better, but man can not do so.
The second part of the external ear is the outer corridor and is a simple arcade sound waves pass into the middle ear.

Explain and define the eardrum

Explain and define the eardrum

 

 

Eardrum: As we can see in the picture If you look at your eardrum device scans ear, you'll see the same image (but colorful). This is his right eardrum.
From the top there is a fold in the forward ANTEROIR MALLEOLAR FOLD and fold back there in the Supreme POSTERIOR MALLEOLAR FOLD. And between There Taitin part of the eardrum called PARS FLACCIDA. We see small bone and clear, as well as a place where we see a reflection of the beam of light named CONE OF LIGHT.
 

Hammerhead round exists in that part of the middle ear, which is higher than the eardrum. Hammerhead communicates with another bone incus meaning it will be detailed animation with this small bone, and his second this bone protrusion short and long outcrop. Extrusion long connection with the third bone in the inner ear, which named stapes.

The middle ear

The middle ear:
Is vacuum tight temporal bone steel, which is as a four room walls and ceiling and floor. Separated from the external ear: eardrum. Inside is the inner ear.
Outer wall: Here sits eardrum, one of the 3 layers, the outer layer consists of a membrane continue with the lining of the ear of Foreign Affairs, and the inner layer of the membrane continue with the lining of the middle ear, either in the middle is fabric link here stick hand bone micro named malleus hammer is largest bones of the middle ear, and his arm extends toward the rear basement, and has a bump on the outside and the bulge is clear if you look at the eardrum from abroad.

Bone hammer is the first of three tiny bones in the middle ear and unnamed collectively ossicles, which is turning the vibrations of the eardrum to the inner ear. Middle ear where there are these small bones also called the tympanic cavity tympanic cavity. And then he worked the middle ear is to convert sound waves coming forth to feel vibrations inner ear.This can be seen ray head, behind the ear.There is also a small muscle called stapedius muscle extending from the back wall of the region slightly elevated form like slot volcano located under aditus to third small bone in the middle ear stapes.

The inner wall of the middle ear medial wall:Located behind the inner wall of the inner ear inner ear. There are distinct regions in the inner wall of the middle ear which in fact parts of the inner ear works overhangs in the inner wall of the middle ear. There first wrapped cochlea works high helix called promontary. In the highest in the angle between the back wall and the inner wall of a high Tamlh external half-circular canal lateral semicircular canal in the inner ear.
Front wall: the slots on top of each other, separated by a thin layer of bone.Lower slot is for lower auditory tube. Muscle spin angle after leaving the channel and stick to hammer neck. And fueled by the mandibular branch of the fifth nerve.
Ear roof: roof made of thin bone that separates the middle ear from the middle cranial fossa and temporal lobe of the brain. Name bone thin tegmen tympani
Ground ear: underground ear bone is hollow because it sits expansion vein jugular bulb which is expanding in the upper end of the vein procedure internal jugular vein.

Channel Awstaki Eustachian tube

Channel Awstaki Eustachian tube:A channel that extends from the middle ear to the nasopharynx and length of each side Juala 35 centimeters in an adult human, and a third near the middle ear component of bone either the remaining two thirds understanding components of cartilage. It extends from the front wall of the middle ear to the nasopharynx (ie, the throat behind the nose area or vacuum behind the nose) and here are a prominent channel fold.Related muscles are:levator palatitensor veli palatinisalpingopharyngeusAnd feeds these muscles and ten cranial nerve fifth cranial nerve.
Line the mucous membrane channel such as the lining of the middle ear.
What is the work Channel Awstaki:

Interest of this channel is to equalize the pressure on both sides of eardrum thereby protecting it eardrum that hurt from the change of pressure on either side: For example, if I went up to Mount Van air pressure will be low, which makes eardrum strained out, if swallowed Rivk the muscle tensor veli palatini shrink and allow air to escape from the middle ear, which is equivalent to pressing the eardrum due to its natural form, and sometimes we hear his voice like Snap, a return to its first position. If I got out of the mountain, the air will enter the new.Unfortunately the channel would allow the exit of the air more than they allow entering into the middle ear, as if you, for example, infected with a cold van channel Sttorm and will decrease the air inside and outside through. In ascension will be able to balance the pressure In Nzulk the air can not enter: we may feel pain in your ear and sometimes to the extent of ruptured eardrum.
And also is working to drain mucous secretions so the clogged as a result of the sensitivity of bacterial infection or Vairose will lead to accumulation of mucous secretions and multiplication of bacteria which leads to inflammation of the ear.
In children are more horizontal channel and narrower than adults so they get ear problems more than adults.
Cells in the mucous membrane her Hdibat so move mucous secretions, but if a person smoked cigarettes Van these Ahudabat work will be slow, leading to the accumulation of mucous secretions and ear infections.

Pay attention to this film
He represents the ear when they come down from the mountain