Thus, divides the brain first configured

Thus, divides the brain first configured

 

 

Explanation of the nervous system

Explanation of the nervous system:
The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the outer nervous system or a surround of two parts: the body (the motor nerves and sensory nerves) and automatic (guts)

Complex nervous system but thankfully we can understand his work without the need to understand every nook and cranny and every communication by it.

Complex nervous system installation because he during DO Atfilv and involves himself.

The first thing the fetus is composed of cells and divided into three types
The kind that have the skin and nervous system be an outer layer called ectoderm
, These form a tube on the back of the fetus will develop and become the brain and the spinal cord and nerve of it will come out

 

 

 

As we can see that the cells grow in a limited place and therefore involve
And 12 pairs out of the nerves of the brain (in the adult human graduated from the brain along the 10 cm), while there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves emerge from either side of the spinal cord in the back

 

The upper part of the nervous system called the forebrain or call also prosencephalon of two parts:
Telencephalon will grow to become a great hemispheres of the brain cerebrum
And the diencephalon, which means the part that is between the brain: becoming Aiiamas thalamus and the basic contract that is located in the depth between the two parts of the brain basal ganglia
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The next section is the midbrain = mesencephalon

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Section III is rhombencephalon
rhombomere means pieces that make up this part of the brain
Which becomes the medulla oblongata, the cerebellum and pons
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Then comes the spinal cord

 

Associated with the above mentioned parts with each other by nervous packages, these packages if they are located outside the central nervous system, we call it nerves nerves, but if they are located within the central nervous system, it is called:
tract, peduncle, lemniscus, fasciculus and all these different names for one meaning: bundles of nerves.

 

It is important to understand the movement in humans so that we can know where is the place of imbalance if there is difficulty in movement:

Can human spinal cord that works without that sends signals to the brain, call what works: reflection, and this so that humans can be controlled to the nines and moves very quickly.


But, of course, the brain is dominant remains uncontrolled movements of the body, brain cells which are responsible for movement, and is called upper motor neurons upper motor neurons and packs down to the spinal cord nerves called motor Downlink Packet descending motor pathways

Gets kind of understanding between nerve cells in the brain (which we call: top) and between nerve cells in the spinal cord called LOWER MOTOR NEURONS. And it's possible that the order that the shrinking muscles directly. Some of the motor nerve cells in the brain first contact with other cells in the spinal cord interneurons and these cells in turn relate to the spinal cord motor cells, authorized influence here indirectly.

 

 

 

 

Right ventricle

Right ventricle:

Consists of the right ventricle in the upbringing of exporters: ventricle in the fetus (fetal right ventricle), and century-named vessel sinus venosum. In adult see the separation between these two important parts in the heart named crista terminalis.

Heart: It is part of the vascular system

Heart: It is part of the vascular system, but a specialized and complex part. Consists artery or vein from the inner liner called tunica intima and then in the middle layer tunica media more than anything is composed of smooth muscle and an outer layer called tunica adventitia and special consisting of fibrous tissue and nerves.

In the same way, the heart has three layers:
The inner layer call endocardium which are lined inside fabric of epihtelium and then layer the heart muscles and the name of the myocardium and then an outer layer composed of fibrous tissue in which some grease and call this layer the epicardium and this outer layer come forth nerves and going where the blood vessels that feed the heart muscle.

Explanation heart

Explanation heart:

We all know the heart and knows where heart is located ..
The work of the heart:
Heart reacts with human emotions and psychological condition
And is in the installation consists of muscles combines qualities of voluntary muscles and involuntary muscle
It beats an average of 72 times per minute in an adult at rest
= 2.5 billion times in 66 years.
It works to pump blood to the whole body, and works ceaselessly length of human life

 

Heart pumps four and a half to five liters of blood per minute, and more than three times during physical effort. And use 7 percent of the oxygen that is pumped to the body, there arteries go to the heart muscle to fed blood as it emerges from the aorta the main immediately after his release from the heart, and this is very important because heart aunt always working and needs oxygen continuously when interruption of blood supply oxygen-rich for (part of) the heart muscle the person feels pain in his chest which is what we call: angina pectoris.
To look to the heart:
It is composed of strong muscles which about the size of a fist and within four cavities and between each cavity and the other valve.

Let's imagine how the heart is:

The heart consists of four chambers: atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle right.
Blood accumulates (venous reflux of the organs of the body) to the heart through two major Reden: intravenous hollow top and hollow vein below. Enters in the right hand heart that you pay to the lungs to get rid of carbon dioxide and increases oxygen, then back to the left hand heart, that you pay to the body again.
Between veins and arteries and heart chambers Siran valves prevent the blood in the opposite direction, and Snscherhaa more in the coming days.

Explanation of the cervical spine

Explanation of the cervical spine

 

 

Cervical spine:Vertebral body is smaller than the small thoracic vertebral body (because he carries less weight than weight carried by paragraph pectoris). And be Huktha smaller and cracked. But more than what is observed is that the extrusion browser where the height of the front and rear anterior and posterior tubercles and hole: foramen transversarium. It's easy to remember this if I thought that the whole paragraphs, as if ready to link thoracic ribs such as ribs. In the cervical spine and lumbar and sacral the "ribs" These integrated in the same paragraph. In the lumbar and sacral rib imagine integrated in the same paragraph and can not be distinguished. But in the cervical spine is a different matter. This is important to understand that in some people there is a rib "neck" is linked to paragraph the seventh may cause cervical blockage of the arteries, veins and nerves and all symptoms resulting from it.

The first cervical vertebrae called Atlas atlas: the first paragraph in the spine and form a loop. It links skull Bpfih spine. And characterized by several things:Do not have the vertebral body. That's because her body has docked with the next paragraph (during fetal life).
Atlas surface over its oval form or college because he يتمفصل with Ntoin skull occipital condyles. But the lower surface is rounded. Pay attention also to the hole on its top surface, which passes the vertebral artery. As Shaw argema it is very small, a small rise. To it's وكانت big it would have hampered the movement of the skull private back (in other words, when you look at the sky), while the Alentuan Almstardhan Taiwilan It works as a lever of the muscles, which manages the head. (Praise God ..)

Spin and settle paragraph Atlas paragraph axis.The fork is great to relate muscle.



Form Atlas and Axis distinctive because they head Asindan and allow him to spin and movement on the spine.
The seventh cervical vertebrae: is also a distinct paragraph is to be a compromise between the cervical spine and the thoracic spine (in place and in shape). She does not have high front or back extrusion browser but its browser hole.
Lumbar spine:
Is the largest paragraphs in the body. And growing up whenever we went down from high to vertebrae below.Huktha great and stand out to the back and do not cover each other as happens in the thoracic spine. So easy inserting a needle between them, as in the case of lumber puncture. Alentaan Almstardhan also strong and fifth lumbar vertebrae easy to know its location.

Sacral paragraphs:Are five vertebrae fused together to be one bone. Continue from the bottom with the coccyx. Since it four sacral vertebrae Fbanha four spaces. When the deficit aspects pelvic bone.
Joints between the vertebrae: inververtebral joints:
Between vertebral bodies (where place carry less body) there cartilaginous joints of the kind. Each body paragraph covered with a layer of cartilage gel between the opposing classes there is a thick disk Levy disc. Intervertebral disc consists of1 - external part is a ring of fibrous annulus fibrosus fiber span to give more power2 - be thinner than the outer part and named nucleus pulposus

landmarks:

Base of Nose and the Hard palate corresponds to C1.
Teeth (when mouth remains closed) correspond to C2.
Mandible and Hyoid bone correspond to C3.
The thyroid cartilage is from C4 to C5. [1]
The cricoid cartilage is from C6 to C7. [1]

The internal structure of the vertebral body compound

The internal structure of the vertebral body compound

 

 

The internal structure of the vertebral body compound to withstand the weight.

 

  It contains red bone marrow Therefore Valordh that a large movement of the blood of it.

 
Nervous and bow out of it bumps: Alentuan Almstardhan, and who as is Taiwilan in the thoracic region of they Eetmvslan with ribs, as well as fork spinous process to be long and heading to the bottom so that it lies above the fork underneath .

 
But more characteristic of paragraph bra is a place for articulation ribs. Valdila stationed Balentu profile of the paragraph and paragraph body and body paragraph above it.

Paragraph: Vertebra is irregular bone be the backbone

Paragraphs:

Paragraph: Vertebra is irregular bone be the backbone.

Look at the drawing you will find that it is composed of body shape, such as the heart (ie heart that draws in the messages of love and not the real heart) is a weight-bearing place in the spine. Then there is the neural arch and the protrusions is to protect the spinal cord and nerves emerging from it and muscle adhesion and articulation ribs and to organize movements.
Also, the biggest extrusion cord is important to know where the paragraph.

Explain spine: The spine, the vertebral column

Explain spine: The spine, the vertebral column:

Backbone consists of:

7 vertebrae violent (Cervical (C1-C7 first called Atlas "atlas" which is assigned the head, and the second is called axis "axis".

12 paragraph vest (Thoracic (T1-T12: features that place the articulation Raeads ribs.

7 cotton (Lumbar (L1-L5:
Great, and do not have the articulation with the ribs.

5 sacral (Sacral (S1-S5: welded together.

4 sacral (3 - 5) Coccygeal: welded together.

Limited movement paragraphs on each but the spine as a whole broadly.
There are curves in column Alvfra by the above-mentioned areas.
Within the spine no spinal cord.

X-ray to take off the lower jaw bone

X-ray to take off the lower jaw bone

 

The lower jaw bone The mandible

The lower jaw bone The mandible:

Mobile is the only bone in the skull. Consists of two parts are together right angle.
Jaw bone is composed of:
- Curved portion browser named body jawbone body of mandible.
- Two columns on the browser and unite with him almost at a right angle and names are branches the rami (plural the ramus).

- Bump in the upper back of each subsidiary of the jaw bone (Condyle) and here somewhere articulation with the skull temporomandibular joint.
- Coronoid process protrusion is a place contact temporalis muscle temporalis muscle.
The lower jaw bone slots: There are a couple of openings located in the inner part of the jaw bone above the angle of the jaw bone in its branches and its name Alfathtan Alvkitan mandibular foramen. There are a pair of openings located on the body of the jaw bone and called Mental foramen.
Nerves:
He enters the jawbone jaw through the hole. Then walks forward jaw within the channel to give sensations of the teeth. Then divided into two nerve finalists: Department prepares the front teeth in the jaw bone, and be the backbone of common section of the lower lip.
Articulation: jaw bone with the temporal bone on each side.
The lower jaw bone disease: one out of every five of the injuries to the face gets a broken jaw bone. Fracture is usually on both sides of the bone.And may affect the jaw bone joint dislocation: forward or down, and rarely back.

 

 

Explain the movements of body parts

Explain the movements of body parts:Foldable flexion approaching part of another part so that at least the angle between them. Such that folds your arm at the elbow joint, or the work of your hand grip, or that folds your legs at the knees when you sit down, either folding leg at the hip joint or Collapse arm at the shoulder joint means is the movement of the leg or arm to the front of the body.
Unlike hungry is: extension is to increase the angle between the part and another part of your body. Like to stand when you're sitting becomes your legs straight at the knee joint.

Rounds: adduction any movement that pulls part of the body toward the midline or axis of the body, or toward the center of the party from the outskirts of the body. Such as your arm closer to your body. Or that your knees closer to each other. For the fingers, it is approached from each other.
Dimensions: abduction any part of the body dimensions from the axis of the body or by the body axis. For fingers are moving away from each other. Or raise the arm to the side of the body.

Internal rotation: internal rotation for the shoulder joint or hip: Nadir leg to point the toes inward, or we arm folded into the abdomen.
External rotation: external rotation reverse internal rotation
Lifting: Elevation movement is part of the body to the top.Reduction: Lifting opposite, any part of the body movement to the bottom.
Private movements:protrusion part of the body movement forward is usually spoken of the mandible.And reversible retrosion.
protraction: forward movement of the arm at the shoulder joint.And reversible retraction.
anterograde movement direction such as the movement of natural food from the mouth to the stomach.And reversible retrograde.
rotation: rotation: the part of the body movement on its axis, such as the rotation of the head on the neck.
Circumduction: is a group movements such as a circle or ellipse also work when the wave Bdhiraana circular motion at the shoulder joint.
Opposition antagonism and is the movement of the thumb on the fingers to be able to catch the pen, for example.Reposition left Grasper thing to expel thumbs and fingers from each other.
Pronation is that we lower part of the arm on the upper part of the arm at the joint, so that the palm of the hand, as if you look at the ground.
Supination reverse Pronation any consider the palm to the top.
Dorsiflexion a lifting of the foot to the top (as lift the foot pedal car)
Plantarflexion as if you trample Bakdmk pedal car
Eversion is to move the foot so that the foot does not consider comfort to the middle axis of the body
Inversion is to consider the comfort foot to the inside.

Muscle-tipped three

Muscle-tipped three:

A muscle located in the back of the upper arm and her three heads:
Long head: the scapula
Ras outer (lateral): from the back of the arm bone
Internal head (ANSI): from the back of the arm bone

Deltoid deltoid muscle

Deltoid deltoid muscle:

Called by that name because it is a triangle similar to the Delta.
Used often for glaucoma muscular.

Consists of 3 groups of fiber: forehand, intermediate, background.

Arise: the outer third of the clavicle, bump the acromion, and scapula bone fork.

Contact (Insertion): bump Delta arm bone.

Nourishing nerve muscle: the axillary nerve that contains nerve fibers cervical No. 5 and No. 6
It supraclavicular nerve.

Deltoid muscle function:


Central Fiber: away arm abduction



Nutrition arterial: section Aldlta of artery
thoracoacromial artery

Arm muscles

Arm muscles:

Bilateral muscle head: Biceps brachii muscle
This muscle present in the upper arm of the Imam. Work: the withdrawal of the lower part of the arm to the upper part of the arm of a movement called convergence or rounded part to another part FLEXION, the meaning of the word Biceps Latin: bilateral muscle head, and in fact that this muscle is composed of two bundles arising from each place but stretch to the same point Tltsqan bone near the elbow.

Stretch the muscle that attach themselves to the bone called RADIUS when the so-called the radial tuberosity, and because this bone possible that spins the working muscle Lower Tdoiraldhiraa.
There musculorum located under these names are muscle coracobrachialis muscle a stick also coracoid Balentu in the scapula,
And the brachialis muscle associated with lower arm bones.

Work gibbet bilateral muscle head:
As we have seen, the muscle stick with three points. Meaning that it is working on 3 joints.