Hear colors and forms tasting!
(*)Functions
(1) the value in our understanding of the human brain and its functions,
revealed in studiesThose who mixed
Ahsasathm each with some (2).<S. V. Ramachandran> <M. E.
Hubbard>
When manufactured <M. Blexla> pies «Alhambrگr» hands and gives it shape, feel strong taste over in his mouth. And see <E. Jones> (a pseudonym) to blue color when listening to tone de Diez C sharp It plays the piano, while raises melodies other has colors varying largely become the piano keys encoded chromatically color-coded, which makes it easier to remember the stairs musical and played accompanied. When viewed <J. Coleman> printed black numbers, it sees colored, each of which differs from the other. The <Blexla> and <Jones> and <Coleman> are among the few people who are no different from normal but they are people with synesthesia. They understand the normal world in extraordinary ways, and seem to live mysterious land does not belong to one, located between fantasy and reality. When these mixes tactile sensations, taste, hearing, vision and smell rather than be kept separate from each other.
Modern scientists have known sense processions since 1880, when publishing <F. گalton> [a relative one <Ch. Darwin>] Article about this phenomenon in the journal Nature. However, most of them have not Aaaraa interest and promise illusory or as a result of the abuse of a drug (born LSD and المسكالين similar effects) or just a strange thing. But five years ago we started and others have discover the brain processes that can explain the sense of processions. During that also found clues functions belonging to some of the most interesting aspects of the human mind ambiguous, such as: the emergence of abstract thought, and the use of metaphor, perhaps the language as well.
Overview of / processions sense (**)
• The term sense processions taken from the Greek root syn meaning 'together', and aisthesis meaning 'perception', is a case where people are suffering Mzja between the two types of sensations or more; otherwise are completely heterosexual.• has been seen this phenomenon for decades of years as a pure fabrication or memories, but recently found it a reality. And may occur due to activation of a cross when Bahtan Dmagatan separate resurrected every activity in other• While scientists explore mechanisms concerned sense processions, they also learn how the brain processes sensory information in general, and how he uses them in the establishment of links between seemingly abstract as unrelated input.
A common interpretation of the processions in sentiment that people feel the memories of childhood and its connections and live. Maybe someone has already played Bmgant refrigerator magnets day he was a child, and was then a red number 5 and number 6 green. But linking this theory does not answer why retain only such active sensory memories for some people only. You might think a cold when you look at a picture of ice cube, but probably not feel cold, no matter how many times faced by snow and ice in your youth.
Another idea prevalent view that with a sense of processions are users of the metaphor only when describing tone de بيمول C flat as «red», and when they say that the taste of chicken «spiky» pointy and just that somehow could tell you and I phrases «shirt raucous» loud shirt and «sharp cheese» sharp cheese. We note that our regular bus language such uses metaphors related sense, and perhaps not those with a sense of processions only people who have a special talent in this field.
In 1999, we started to try to discover whether the sense of a real sensory experience processions, with the knowledge that this simple question misleading may gig researchers in this field for decades. One of the approaches natural to begin to ask the question outright Next individuals subjects: «Is this a purely memory or do you see the color really like you directly?» When we tried to ask this question not Nhz do much; as answered some subjects, saying: «Oh, I see clearly Tam. »But the most frequent answers were:« I can see it, and I can not see him, 'or' No, it is not a memory. I see a red figure clearly, but I also know that it is not so, but black, and therefore must be the memory as I think.
In order to determine if psychologists impact of what is really aware, they often use a simple test called Chapter segregation or outcropping pop-out. If you look at the group slashes scattered among a crowd of vertical lines, diagonal lines clearly emerged. In fact, you can immediately separated from the background and mentally assembled to form, for example, form separate Mthelthia. Similarly, if most of the elements of a green background points and asked you search for red targets, the latter stands out clearly. In contrast, the group numbers 2 black scattered among a group numbers 5 of the same color mixes with each other almost see illustration on page 72], فيغدو difficult to determine the numbers 2 and distinguishable without indulging in the preview numbers one after the other, with each number individually and in a clear difference what Ageorh, as different italics clearly from the vertical line. Thus, we can conclude that the features of the primary or only certain primitive, such as color and trend line, can provide the basis for the compilation grouping; while you can not do that symbols tokens superiority complex cognitive terms, such as numbers.
I wondered: What would happen if Arena mixed numbers for members of processions sense, who they shall see the color red, for example, when they see the number 5 and a green color when they see figure 2. To this end, we arranged numbers 2 is formed a triangle. If the sense of a real sensory impact processions, the Mvhusina shall see triangle easily because the numbers will look like them colored.
When we outcropping these tests on volunteers came the answer is very clear. Unlike normal subjects Male owners common form processions, consisting of groups of numbers correctly up to 90 percent of cases (and that's exactly what he is doing is the owners sense processions while the numbers are really different colors). This result demonstrates that the colors are really sensual induced, and that owners of common processions Evtalon command Avcaala, impossible for them to fabricate their breakthrough. In another example of the strikingly asked to one of the owners of common processions who see figure 5 colored red to watch computerized presentation. And it appeared he could not teach us the moment we add subtle colors red to white figure unless such a strong red color to a sufficient extent; while he was able to discover immediately a green color added to the number 5.
Visual processing (***)The assertion that the sense of real processions would entail a question about why some people sensor this strange phenomenon. Our experiences lead us to favor the idea that owners of common processions are suffering as a result of the type of networking (wire) cross cross wiring in the brain. This has already basic concept that initially proposed nearly a hundred years; but now we have identified where can happen like this crossed networking in the brain and how it happens.
When manufactured <M. Blexla> pies «Alhambrگr» hands and gives it shape, feel strong taste over in his mouth. And see <E. Jones> (a pseudonym) to blue color when listening to tone de Diez C sharp It plays the piano, while raises melodies other has colors varying largely become the piano keys encoded chromatically color-coded, which makes it easier to remember the stairs musical and played accompanied. When viewed <J. Coleman> printed black numbers, it sees colored, each of which differs from the other. The <Blexla> and <Jones> and <Coleman> are among the few people who are no different from normal but they are people with synesthesia. They understand the normal world in extraordinary ways, and seem to live mysterious land does not belong to one, located between fantasy and reality. When these mixes tactile sensations, taste, hearing, vision and smell rather than be kept separate from each other.
Modern scientists have known sense processions since 1880, when publishing <F. گalton> [a relative one <Ch. Darwin>] Article about this phenomenon in the journal Nature. However, most of them have not Aaaraa interest and promise illusory or as a result of the abuse of a drug (born LSD and المسكالين similar effects) or just a strange thing. But five years ago we started and others have discover the brain processes that can explain the sense of processions. During that also found clues functions belonging to some of the most interesting aspects of the human mind ambiguous, such as: the emergence of abstract thought, and the use of metaphor, perhaps the language as well.
Overview of / processions sense (**)
• The term sense processions taken from the Greek root syn meaning 'together', and aisthesis meaning 'perception', is a case where people are suffering Mzja between the two types of sensations or more; otherwise are completely heterosexual.• has been seen this phenomenon for decades of years as a pure fabrication or memories, but recently found it a reality. And may occur due to activation of a cross when Bahtan Dmagatan separate resurrected every activity in other• While scientists explore mechanisms concerned sense processions, they also learn how the brain processes sensory information in general, and how he uses them in the establishment of links between seemingly abstract as unrelated input.
A common interpretation of the processions in sentiment that people feel the memories of childhood and its connections and live. Maybe someone has already played Bmgant refrigerator magnets day he was a child, and was then a red number 5 and number 6 green. But linking this theory does not answer why retain only such active sensory memories for some people only. You might think a cold when you look at a picture of ice cube, but probably not feel cold, no matter how many times faced by snow and ice in your youth.
Another idea prevalent view that with a sense of processions are users of the metaphor only when describing tone de بيمول C flat as «red», and when they say that the taste of chicken «spiky» pointy and just that somehow could tell you and I phrases «shirt raucous» loud shirt and «sharp cheese» sharp cheese. We note that our regular bus language such uses metaphors related sense, and perhaps not those with a sense of processions only people who have a special talent in this field.
In 1999, we started to try to discover whether the sense of a real sensory experience processions, with the knowledge that this simple question misleading may gig researchers in this field for decades. One of the approaches natural to begin to ask the question outright Next individuals subjects: «Is this a purely memory or do you see the color really like you directly?» When we tried to ask this question not Nhz do much; as answered some subjects, saying: «Oh, I see clearly Tam. »But the most frequent answers were:« I can see it, and I can not see him, 'or' No, it is not a memory. I see a red figure clearly, but I also know that it is not so, but black, and therefore must be the memory as I think.
In order to determine if psychologists impact of what is really aware, they often use a simple test called Chapter segregation or outcropping pop-out. If you look at the group slashes scattered among a crowd of vertical lines, diagonal lines clearly emerged. In fact, you can immediately separated from the background and mentally assembled to form, for example, form separate Mthelthia. Similarly, if most of the elements of a green background points and asked you search for red targets, the latter stands out clearly. In contrast, the group numbers 2 black scattered among a group numbers 5 of the same color mixes with each other almost see illustration on page 72], فيغدو difficult to determine the numbers 2 and distinguishable without indulging in the preview numbers one after the other, with each number individually and in a clear difference what Ageorh, as different italics clearly from the vertical line. Thus, we can conclude that the features of the primary or only certain primitive, such as color and trend line, can provide the basis for the compilation grouping; while you can not do that symbols tokens superiority complex cognitive terms, such as numbers.
I wondered: What would happen if Arena mixed numbers for members of processions sense, who they shall see the color red, for example, when they see the number 5 and a green color when they see figure 2. To this end, we arranged numbers 2 is formed a triangle. If the sense of a real sensory impact processions, the Mvhusina shall see triangle easily because the numbers will look like them colored.
When we outcropping these tests on volunteers came the answer is very clear. Unlike normal subjects Male owners common form processions, consisting of groups of numbers correctly up to 90 percent of cases (and that's exactly what he is doing is the owners sense processions while the numbers are really different colors). This result demonstrates that the colors are really sensual induced, and that owners of common processions Evtalon command Avcaala, impossible for them to fabricate their breakthrough. In another example of the strikingly asked to one of the owners of common processions who see figure 5 colored red to watch computerized presentation. And it appeared he could not teach us the moment we add subtle colors red to white figure unless such a strong red color to a sufficient extent; while he was able to discover immediately a green color added to the number 5.
Visual processing (***)The assertion that the sense of real processions would entail a question about why some people sensor this strange phenomenon. Our experiences lead us to favor the idea that owners of common processions are suffering as a result of the type of networking (wire) cross cross wiring in the brain. This has already basic concept that initially proposed nearly a hundred years; but now we have identified where can happen like this crossed networking in the brain and how it happens.
The
understanding of neurobiological factors requires some players note how the
brain handles visual information [see illustration on page 70]. After
the light is reflected from a scene and fall to the cones (color receptors) in
the eye, nerve signals go neural signals from the retina to the patio 17 in the
occipital lobe (nuchal) at the back of the brain. There's
received further endorsement within localized groupings (or points blobs),
turning to properties such as color and simple movement, shape and depth.
Then,
send the information for these qualities and distributed to a few scattered
areas in the depths of the temporal and parietal lobes. In
the case of color information go to the patio V4 in the fusiform gyrus fusiform
gyrus of the temporal lobe. From
there, leave this information to the courtyards louder in hierarchical hierarchy
color centers, including an area near the patch (splash) patch in the cerebral
cortex called TPO (for being three lobes Forum: temporal, parietal and
occipital). The
This Supreme patios concerned the most complex aspects of in endorsement
chromatography. For
example, look like the leaves of trees at dusk the same greenery that appear in
broad daylight although the blending of wavelengths reflected by the papers in
the case is very different.
Mixed signals (****)In one of the most common forms of processions sense provoking look at a number of specific colors. This occurs, apparently, because the courtyards of the brain that do not interact in the normal case when processing numbers or colors do each other when the owners a sense of processions.Forum temporal parietal-occipital (TPO)Nerve signals transmitted from the retina to optical radiation-mediated Patio 17 in the back of the brain, where disintegrate into simple recipes such as color, shape and movement and depth.Relay color information to the patio V4 track where proximity is also the representation of the visual appearance of the numbers which make up this site for تصالبي arrived between Baana color and number, stock short pink and green.Finally, advanced color «to the top, and down to a nearby courtyard of the three lobes Forum TPO (temporal, parietal and occipital), where treatment can be accomplished more complex color. Similarly, a stage subsequent numerical computing in the angular gyrus, which is part of the Forum TPO means the concepts of quantum cascade. This could explain the sense of processions in people associate colors abstract numerical consecutively, such as days of the week.
Mixed signals (****)In one of the most common forms of processions sense provoking look at a number of specific colors. This occurs, apparently, because the courtyards of the brain that do not interact in the normal case when processing numbers or colors do each other when the owners a sense of processions.Forum temporal parietal-occipital (TPO)Nerve signals transmitted from the retina to optical radiation-mediated Patio 17 in the back of the brain, where disintegrate into simple recipes such as color, shape and movement and depth.Relay color information to the patio V4 track where proximity is also the representation of the visual appearance of the numbers which make up this site for تصالبي arrived between Baana color and number, stock short pink and green.Finally, advanced color «to the top, and down to a nearby courtyard of the three lobes Forum TPO (temporal, parietal and occipital), where treatment can be accomplished more complex color. Similarly, a stage subsequent numerical computing in the angular gyrus, which is part of the Forum TPO means the concepts of quantum cascade. This could explain the sense of processions in people associate colors abstract numerical consecutively, such as days of the week.
A view of the back of the brain of a person with synesthesia was filmed functional magnetic resonance,
show strong activity (yellow)
color processing in the courtyard of V4 seen Screened white numbers on a gray background. Not be these courtyard active in people with normal cognition when looking at the same numbers.
And
also seem to computing numerical numerical computation in stages; as they occur
early step in the fusiform gyrus, where they are represented forms the real
numbers, and a later step in the angular gyrus angular gyrus, which is part of
the area TPO respect concepts numerical such ordinal ordinality (ie sequence)
and basic cardinality (ie
quantum). (When
hurt angular gyrus stroke stroke or tumor, remains patient is able to determine
the numbers but does not remain able to divide or subtraction. Multiplication
often survives because it learns Balastzaar not understand.) In addition, the
studies brain imaging in humans suggest strongly
Because each of the colors and numbers treated initially in the fusiform gyrus, and then near the angular gyrus, has appeared to us that sense processions chromatography numerical (your color and numbers) may result from networking cross between Baha V4 and patio Appearance numerical number-appearance area (both in fusiform gyrus), or color between the courtyard and patio Supreme numerical concept (both in the forum TPO). There are other forms of this case even more bizarre can be caused by a similar cross-networking between different areas of sensory processing (sensory endorsement). As the auditory center in the temporal lobes is also close to the patio Supreme brain that receive color signals of Baha V4, it explains that sense processions voice chromatography (your color and sound). Likewise, if taste through touch with <M. Blexla> probably caused by cross-networking between the gustatory cortex in an area called the insula island and adjacent cortex represent touch hands.
Assuming that the neural networking compose cruciate source sense processions, we wonder: Why is this happening? We know that this sense is repeated in the same family; making it a genetic component. Might cause the emergence of boom and connections between brain courtyards are usually independent of each other. Or may lead to pruning defective boom of previous connections exist between the courtyards of them does not in the normal case only a small number of links. If the boom shall disclose the same (ie, that exert their effects) in some brain areas but not others, this mixture soil divided may explain why confuse some sense owners processions colors numbers; while others see colors when they hear phonemes or musical tunes. We note here that have a common patterns processions are likely to have a pattern of this sense; This reinforces the idea.
Although we thought from the outset in the physical presence of the cross networking, has reached to verify that the same effect can occur if the networking sense of the number of links between the areas well, but there is an imbalance in the chemicals circulating between these regions. Therefore, we are now talking about cross-activation. For example, often discourage Falita two دماغيتين adjacent each other; which leads to reduce cruciate conversational. Also, the chemical imbalance imbalance of the kind that reduces such inhibition (for example, by suppressing the action of an inhibitory neurotransmitter, or the failure to produce inhibitor) will make effective a Albahtin grave effectiveness of the neighboring courtyard. In theory, such a cross activation also can occur between courtyards independent spaced;, which explains some of the less common form of processions sense.
The support of the idea of activation cross from the experiences of other, help each also explain the divergent forms it may take a sense of processions. One benefit of a visual phenomenon known as crowding crowding [see illustration on page 72]. If I stared at the sign + exist within the small image also contains number 5 away from her in one of the two sides, you'll find that you can easily distinguish this figure, even if you do not look at it directly. But if we now enclose the number 5 with four other numbers, such as the number 3, you will no longer be able to select it; seem out of focus. Thus, volunteers with normal cognition not succeed in determining this figure but only incidentally. This happens not because cluttered things in the vicinity of vision. With everything, you see the number 5 clearly when it was not surrounded by numbers 3, and can not now assigned due to limited interest emitters; since the numbers 3 surrounding the disposal of interest away from the central figure 5 and prevent you from seeing him.
There have been a big surprise when we gave the same test to two of the owners of common processions. Lost due to supply and eternally observations such as: «I can not see the middle number. It confused but looks red, so I guess it must be a number 5. »Although the number of East consciously did not enroll, it appears that the brain was nonetheless treat him somewhere. Thus, the owners of sense processions can use this color to develop what it was this figure in a rational way. If our theory is correct, this discovery implies that the number of addresses in the fusiform gyrus and raises the appropriate color before the stage where there is a crowding effect in the brain. Ironically, the result is that even the number of 'invisible' can bring about synesthesia.
We have come to the other also supports this conclusion. When diminish the disparity between the number and background color processions became less obvious, even if subjects did not see color at all in the case of low contrast, although the number was quite clear. While crowding experiments show that number can not visible to raise Luna, the experiences of variance indicate to the contrary that see not guarantee the number of color vision. Perhaps numbers active low-contrast cells in the fusiform gyrus enough to conscious perception of the number, but it is not enough to activate the cross color of the cells in the courtyard V4.
Because each of the colors and numbers treated initially in the fusiform gyrus, and then near the angular gyrus, has appeared to us that sense processions chromatography numerical (your color and numbers) may result from networking cross between Baha V4 and patio Appearance numerical number-appearance area (both in fusiform gyrus), or color between the courtyard and patio Supreme numerical concept (both in the forum TPO). There are other forms of this case even more bizarre can be caused by a similar cross-networking between different areas of sensory processing (sensory endorsement). As the auditory center in the temporal lobes is also close to the patio Supreme brain that receive color signals of Baha V4, it explains that sense processions voice chromatography (your color and sound). Likewise, if taste through touch with <M. Blexla> probably caused by cross-networking between the gustatory cortex in an area called the insula island and adjacent cortex represent touch hands.
Assuming that the neural networking compose cruciate source sense processions, we wonder: Why is this happening? We know that this sense is repeated in the same family; making it a genetic component. Might cause the emergence of boom and connections between brain courtyards are usually independent of each other. Or may lead to pruning defective boom of previous connections exist between the courtyards of them does not in the normal case only a small number of links. If the boom shall disclose the same (ie, that exert their effects) in some brain areas but not others, this mixture soil divided may explain why confuse some sense owners processions colors numbers; while others see colors when they hear phonemes or musical tunes. We note here that have a common patterns processions are likely to have a pattern of this sense; This reinforces the idea.
Although we thought from the outset in the physical presence of the cross networking, has reached to verify that the same effect can occur if the networking sense of the number of links between the areas well, but there is an imbalance in the chemicals circulating between these regions. Therefore, we are now talking about cross-activation. For example, often discourage Falita two دماغيتين adjacent each other; which leads to reduce cruciate conversational. Also, the chemical imbalance imbalance of the kind that reduces such inhibition (for example, by suppressing the action of an inhibitory neurotransmitter, or the failure to produce inhibitor) will make effective a Albahtin grave effectiveness of the neighboring courtyard. In theory, such a cross activation also can occur between courtyards independent spaced;, which explains some of the less common form of processions sense.
The support of the idea of activation cross from the experiences of other, help each also explain the divergent forms it may take a sense of processions. One benefit of a visual phenomenon known as crowding crowding [see illustration on page 72]. If I stared at the sign + exist within the small image also contains number 5 away from her in one of the two sides, you'll find that you can easily distinguish this figure, even if you do not look at it directly. But if we now enclose the number 5 with four other numbers, such as the number 3, you will no longer be able to select it; seem out of focus. Thus, volunteers with normal cognition not succeed in determining this figure but only incidentally. This happens not because cluttered things in the vicinity of vision. With everything, you see the number 5 clearly when it was not surrounded by numbers 3, and can not now assigned due to limited interest emitters; since the numbers 3 surrounding the disposal of interest away from the central figure 5 and prevent you from seeing him.
There have been a big surprise when we gave the same test to two of the owners of common processions. Lost due to supply and eternally observations such as: «I can not see the middle number. It confused but looks red, so I guess it must be a number 5. »Although the number of East consciously did not enroll, it appears that the brain was nonetheless treat him somewhere. Thus, the owners of sense processions can use this color to develop what it was this figure in a rational way. If our theory is correct, this discovery implies that the number of addresses in the fusiform gyrus and raises the appropriate color before the stage where there is a crowding effect in the brain. Ironically, the result is that even the number of 'invisible' can bring about synesthesia.
We have come to the other also supports this conclusion. When diminish the disparity between the number and background color processions became less obvious, even if subjects did not see color at all in the case of low contrast, although the number was quite clear. While crowding experiments show that number can not visible to raise Luna, the experiences of variance indicate to the contrary that see not guarantee the number of color vision. Perhaps numbers active low-contrast cells in the fusiform gyrus enough to conscious perception of the number, but it is not enough to activate the cross color of the cells in the courtyard V4.
Finally,
we found that if we Arena owners a sense of Roman processions numbers (number
portability V), they do not watch Luna, suggesting that what triggers the color
is not in the digital concept, but in the visual appearance of the writing
units. This
observation suggests also to do cross-activation in the fusiform gyrus same
owners have a sense of numerical processions - chromatography, because that
structure (ie, the fusiform gyrus) mainly concerned with analyzing visual form
and not Balmudallol ever higher level. We
refer here to the perplexing problem: Imagine an image with a large number 5
consists of 3 small numbers; you will either see the 'forest' (represented in
figure 5) or to focus precisely on the 'trees' (represented in figures 3).
The
said two of Mvhusi common processions they witness changed color according to
their focus. And
this test implies that common processions, despite the possibility of it arises
as a result of the visual appearance alone and not of the high-level concept, a
way that is input tab relying on visual attention is also
crucial.
But while we welcome other volunteers, it soon became clear that the owners of common processions who Alenon their world are not all the same. For some, sending even days of the week or months of the year color-sense. Monday may be green and on Wednesday Qrnfelaa, and month 12 yellow.
Chromatic world Coded (*****)In a test of visual separation capabilities the visual segregation, can sense processions owners who associate a specific color is known that the number immediately see a certain model is distributed across the image with black numbers scattered over a white page. While a person must ever normal perception that the inspection shall set a number to distinguish the figures are 2 of 5 in this example (left), the range of numbers 2, which form a triangle stand out clearly visible when the processions sense (at right).
But while we welcome other volunteers, it soon became clear that the owners of common processions who Alenon their world are not all the same. For some, sending even days of the week or months of the year color-sense. Monday may be green and on Wednesday Qrnfelaa, and month 12 yellow.
Chromatic world Coded (*****)In a test of visual separation capabilities the visual segregation, can sense processions owners who associate a specific color is known that the number immediately see a certain model is distributed across the image with black numbers scattered over a white page. While a person must ever normal perception that the inspection shall set a number to distinguish the figures are 2 of 5 in this example (left), the range of numbers 2, which form a triangle stand out clearly visible when the processions sense (at right).
Clear
to the owners of common processions numbers 'invisible' in a cognitive tests.
When
someone staring at a central body, which is here on +, make it easy to see a
single number is located at arm's length in one aspect, using peripheral vision
(at left). But
if the figure was surrounded by other numbers other (on the right), it seems
hazy invisible to the average person. In
contrast, the holder can sense processions to elicit the central figure thanks
to something that causes that figure has color.
The only thing that combines days of the week and months and numbers is the concept of numerical sequence or ordinal. For some owners a sense of processions was probably raises the color is the abstract concept of numerical sequence, and not the visual appearance of the number. Via Could there networking with those individuals cruciate between the angular gyrus and the upper patio colorimetric near the TPO board instead occur between the courtyards in the fusiform gyrus? If so, it would explain why interaction caused even abstract numerical representations or idea numbers emitted by days of the week or months, provoking strong specific colors. In other words: different patterns arise of processions depending sense of place that reflects the mutant gene itself in the brain. It can be either a sense of line with 'high-level' due to the concept of numerical, or a sense of line with «bass level generated by the visual appearance alone. Similarly, the visual appearance of the character in some low-lying level forms can generate a color; while the sound that the letter calls in high-level forms (or what called Alfonama) is that generates color. We recall here that phonemes are represented near the area TPO.
We also noted the case believe that the activation cross to his synesthesia achromatic allowed him to see colored numbers can not be aware of otherwise. It is amusing that calling the colors as' Martian colors. Although the color receptors to the retina of the eyes can not handle certain wavelengths, we see that the yard stroke color works well and it activated Tsalbea when he sees numbers.
We are conducting now in conjunction with <G. Boynton> [Salk Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego, brain imaging experiments. We have got the initial activation guide topical color courtyard V4 manner predicted by our theory for activation cross in processions sense, knowing that <J. گraa> [from the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues have said similar results. Gotta show black and white numbers on infected sense processions, generate their brain activation not only in the courtyard of the numbers (as is the case in normal individuals), but also in the courtyard of the colors. Our group also noted differences between the owners of common patterns processions. Showed a Mvhusina with a sense of low activation processions in the early stages of treatment far exceeds his color in individuals evidence controls. In contrast, the show owners a sense of high processions less activation in these early stages.
Widespread use of metaphor (******)Can help Tbesratna nervous about the medical basis for processions sense to explain some of the creativity of painters, poets and novelists. According to one study, the state processions common sense to the creators sevenfold popularity among the general public.
Share many of the creators of one of the skills are in tact use of metaphor, like saying 'It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. »As if their brains had been prepared to establish links between the pronunciation unrelated in appearance, such as the sun and the beautiful young. In other words, Just includes common processions establishing and arbitrary links between cognitive entities unrelated to apparent Kaloloan and numbers, the use of metaphor includes the establishment of links between the worlds of concepts seemingly unrelated. This may not be a coincidence.
It is likely that many of the high-level concepts firmly in the areas (or maps) cerebral quality. And if you look at you will not find what is more abstract than the number; yet it is representative, as we have seen, in a relatively small brain region, namely the angular gyrus. To transfer the mutation that causes, according to our belief, common processions generate a flood of communications between different brain maps any small patches of cortex that represent entities perceptual quality such as sharpness unit shapes or Tqosha curviness, or hue in the case of color maps. Depending on the location and breadth of the site that a solution in which the expression of the attribute trait, can reach every sense of processions and the tendency to link between the concepts and ideas seemingly unrelated, ie: Creativity short. We will explain this reason survival a smokeless processions sense gene apparently when interest people.
Puzzle language (*******)Can give us a sense of processions insightsAbout the evolution of thought and languageImagine a gang of ancient human ancestors have taken the initiative to devise language. Clear that its members did not begin the leader tells them: «Come on, look at this and let people Banana (banana). Shouted all Ba Na Na., But undoubtedly that the group that had owned a set of capabilities created the basis of systematic verbal communication. Our study suggests nervous about the biological basis for processions sense that the ability to use the metaphor of any deep understanding relationships between things disparate and seemingly unrelated is who made the first seed for the emergence of language in the end.Characterized humans instinctive tendency to link certain sounds certain visual formats; which was important in making ancient humans attempting to use a common vocabulary. In addition, the brain areas specific addressing formats visual objects and characters and numbers and votes words can be activated each other, even among non-owners sense processions; making people expect to have forms coarse, for example, the names of bell thick.There are two others of the neural connections supporting our idea. The first is that sensory patios on visual forms and hearing in the back of the brain can be activated Tsalbea courtyards kinetic quality in the front part of the brain involved in speech. Acute optic Faalanattaf or voice thick Istgesan courtyard responsible for motor control speech to generate equal sudden reversal of the tongue on the palate. Or to keep in mind the following Spoken words: "diminutive" and "teeny - weeny" and "un peu" which requires Zam lips to simulate the small size of the thing). It seems that the brain has a pre-existing rules to translate what you see and hear oral movements reflect those inputs.The second is a kind of spills signals between Bahtin Hrchetin close to each other; any of overlap between the signals that control the Cascade muscle movements required for hand gestures and signals that control muscle movements required of the mouth.As pointed <Ch. Darwin> consideration, when the shortage of paper with scissors may apply, so they are or Evgran unconscious, as if they were يجاريان hand movements. We note here that many linguists do not like the theory that manual gesture has created for stage audio language, but we believe that the Altsahabayh Movement can suggest and they fall into the error.Suppose that ancient human ancestors communicated with each other mainly mediated sounds emotional Kalshkhr (snoring) (5) and groans and wails and squawking, and are known to votes generated by the right hemisphere and the courtyard in the front lobes concerned with emotional. Then ancient humans developed a system Emaúaa primitive complexity and neater gradually increased. It is easy to imagine how they can be custom hand movement to drag a weave has risen to hint means «Come to me. If been translated such gestures of through kinetic Altsahabayh to movements of the muscles of the mouth and face, and If Altfohat passed ringed through this emotional and linguistic movements oral, it might have been the result first spoken words.Now, how do we ensure our chart this syntax syntax, ie: the rules for using the words and phrases in the language? We believe that the evolution of ancient human use of tools probably played an important role in this regard. For example, like the sequence of building tools (from the formation of a hammer head first and then install the head on the handle. Then chop the meat) enter phrases into sentences larger ones. Following the example of psychological Batababh <P. گrinfeld> [from the University of California at Los Angeles suggest that brain areas front that developed a sub-grouping for the purpose of using the tool, you may later turned around the performance of an entirely new function is to connect the words in phrases and sentences.It is true that such schemes do not explain each property minutes in the modern language, but seems to us that these were basic elements in the conduct of events that reached apogee in the current language.
The only thing that combines days of the week and months and numbers is the concept of numerical sequence or ordinal. For some owners a sense of processions was probably raises the color is the abstract concept of numerical sequence, and not the visual appearance of the number. Via Could there networking with those individuals cruciate between the angular gyrus and the upper patio colorimetric near the TPO board instead occur between the courtyards in the fusiform gyrus? If so, it would explain why interaction caused even abstract numerical representations or idea numbers emitted by days of the week or months, provoking strong specific colors. In other words: different patterns arise of processions depending sense of place that reflects the mutant gene itself in the brain. It can be either a sense of line with 'high-level' due to the concept of numerical, or a sense of line with «bass level generated by the visual appearance alone. Similarly, the visual appearance of the character in some low-lying level forms can generate a color; while the sound that the letter calls in high-level forms (or what called Alfonama) is that generates color. We recall here that phonemes are represented near the area TPO.
We also noted the case believe that the activation cross to his synesthesia achromatic allowed him to see colored numbers can not be aware of otherwise. It is amusing that calling the colors as' Martian colors. Although the color receptors to the retina of the eyes can not handle certain wavelengths, we see that the yard stroke color works well and it activated Tsalbea when he sees numbers.
We are conducting now in conjunction with <G. Boynton> [Salk Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego, brain imaging experiments. We have got the initial activation guide topical color courtyard V4 manner predicted by our theory for activation cross in processions sense, knowing that <J. گraa> [from the Institute of Psychiatry in London and his colleagues have said similar results. Gotta show black and white numbers on infected sense processions, generate their brain activation not only in the courtyard of the numbers (as is the case in normal individuals), but also in the courtyard of the colors. Our group also noted differences between the owners of common patterns processions. Showed a Mvhusina with a sense of low activation processions in the early stages of treatment far exceeds his color in individuals evidence controls. In contrast, the show owners a sense of high processions less activation in these early stages.
Widespread use of metaphor (******)Can help Tbesratna nervous about the medical basis for processions sense to explain some of the creativity of painters, poets and novelists. According to one study, the state processions common sense to the creators sevenfold popularity among the general public.
Share many of the creators of one of the skills are in tact use of metaphor, like saying 'It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. »As if their brains had been prepared to establish links between the pronunciation unrelated in appearance, such as the sun and the beautiful young. In other words, Just includes common processions establishing and arbitrary links between cognitive entities unrelated to apparent Kaloloan and numbers, the use of metaphor includes the establishment of links between the worlds of concepts seemingly unrelated. This may not be a coincidence.
It is likely that many of the high-level concepts firmly in the areas (or maps) cerebral quality. And if you look at you will not find what is more abstract than the number; yet it is representative, as we have seen, in a relatively small brain region, namely the angular gyrus. To transfer the mutation that causes, according to our belief, common processions generate a flood of communications between different brain maps any small patches of cortex that represent entities perceptual quality such as sharpness unit shapes or Tqosha curviness, or hue in the case of color maps. Depending on the location and breadth of the site that a solution in which the expression of the attribute trait, can reach every sense of processions and the tendency to link between the concepts and ideas seemingly unrelated, ie: Creativity short. We will explain this reason survival a smokeless processions sense gene apparently when interest people.
Puzzle language (*******)Can give us a sense of processions insightsAbout the evolution of thought and languageImagine a gang of ancient human ancestors have taken the initiative to devise language. Clear that its members did not begin the leader tells them: «Come on, look at this and let people Banana (banana). Shouted all Ba Na Na., But undoubtedly that the group that had owned a set of capabilities created the basis of systematic verbal communication. Our study suggests nervous about the biological basis for processions sense that the ability to use the metaphor of any deep understanding relationships between things disparate and seemingly unrelated is who made the first seed for the emergence of language in the end.Characterized humans instinctive tendency to link certain sounds certain visual formats; which was important in making ancient humans attempting to use a common vocabulary. In addition, the brain areas specific addressing formats visual objects and characters and numbers and votes words can be activated each other, even among non-owners sense processions; making people expect to have forms coarse, for example, the names of bell thick.There are two others of the neural connections supporting our idea. The first is that sensory patios on visual forms and hearing in the back of the brain can be activated Tsalbea courtyards kinetic quality in the front part of the brain involved in speech. Acute optic Faalanattaf or voice thick Istgesan courtyard responsible for motor control speech to generate equal sudden reversal of the tongue on the palate. Or to keep in mind the following Spoken words: "diminutive" and "teeny - weeny" and "un peu" which requires Zam lips to simulate the small size of the thing). It seems that the brain has a pre-existing rules to translate what you see and hear oral movements reflect those inputs.The second is a kind of spills signals between Bahtin Hrchetin close to each other; any of overlap between the signals that control the Cascade muscle movements required for hand gestures and signals that control muscle movements required of the mouth.As pointed <Ch. Darwin> consideration, when the shortage of paper with scissors may apply, so they are or Evgran unconscious, as if they were يجاريان hand movements. We note here that many linguists do not like the theory that manual gesture has created for stage audio language, but we believe that the Altsahabayh Movement can suggest and they fall into the error.Suppose that ancient human ancestors communicated with each other mainly mediated sounds emotional Kalshkhr (snoring) (5) and groans and wails and squawking, and are known to votes generated by the right hemisphere and the courtyard in the front lobes concerned with emotional. Then ancient humans developed a system Emaúaa primitive complexity and neater gradually increased. It is easy to imagine how they can be custom hand movement to drag a weave has risen to hint means «Come to me. If been translated such gestures of through kinetic Altsahabayh to movements of the muscles of the mouth and face, and If Altfohat passed ringed through this emotional and linguistic movements oral, it might have been the result first spoken words.Now, how do we ensure our chart this syntax syntax, ie: the rules for using the words and phrases in the language? We believe that the evolution of ancient human use of tools probably played an important role in this regard. For example, like the sequence of building tools (from the formation of a hammer head first and then install the head on the handle. Then chop the meat) enter phrases into sentences larger ones. Following the example of psychological Batababh <P. گrinfeld> [from the University of California at Los Angeles suggest that brain areas front that developed a sub-grouping for the purpose of using the tool, you may later turned around the performance of an entirely new function is to connect the words in phrases and sentences.It is true that such schemes do not explain each property minutes in the modern language, but seems to us that these were basic elements in the conduct of events that reached apogee in the current language.
When
the question arises about any figures (at the top) is 'Bubba' and whichever is
'Kiki', 98 percent of respondents chose the name Popa form which seems ink
Kltkhh and name Kiki to the other form. The
authors argue that the brain's ability to devise a more abstract joint between
two things (such as the form of a visual Othelam and name a tone of voice thick)
may have paved the way for the evolution of the use of metaphor and perhaps also
the emergence of a common vocabulary.
In addition to our search that explains why you may tendency of artists to the suffering of processions sense, he suggests that we all have some susceptibility to this tendency, and this attribute is that perhaps created the basis for the development of abstraction, which is the ability superior to humans.Is the brain region that is believed to tactile information and hearing and vision converge to allow the establishment of high-level perceptions. For example, we say: Cat زغباء (for req) and meowing and Takrkhr (heard) and with the appearance of a certain (vision) and a special smell (tattooed); All these qualities are extracted at the same time if we recall a cat or heard the word «snapshot».
See you can have angular gyrus (which is significantly larger in humans than in apes and monkeys) developed originally in order to achieve cross-formal links, then became to other jobs more abstract such as the use of metaphor, for example? Let us consider drawings cartoons were originally صممهما psychologist <W. Kohler>: one looks like ink blotter; and the other looks like a jagged piece of glass shattered. When we ask: «any charts is 'Bubba' and whichever is 'Kiki'? Indicates 98 percent of people to ink blotter on it (Bupa) and to the other drawing on it (Kiki). Perhaps this happens because of amoebic-shaped curves that mimics the smooth metaphorically Altamorat gentle voice (Bupa) according to what is represented in the hearing centers of the brain, as well as due to the gradual turn inflection during rouge sound Toledhma (Bupa) Alanhanaúa. In contrast, the waveform of the sound (Kiki) and the accompanying sharp reversal of the San palate mimic the sudden changes in the visual form broken. The only thing that combines these two qualities of sound Kiki except what is in the abstraction of Anthelam property jaggedness that is drawn somewhere next TPO Forum and is likely to be the angular gyrus. (We refer here to the recently we found that patients with damage to the angular gyrus lose influence Popa - Kiki bouba-kiki effect, ie they can not fit between the shape and sound right). In this sense, we may all be infected a hidden sense processions.
Thus leads angular gyrus very preliminary abstract pattern is to extract the common denominator of a group of similar quinones is to a large extent. True, we do not know how to lead this gyrus that task on the face of accurate, but when they emerged portability dealing cruciate formal abstraction, may pave the way of introduction to the most complex patterns of abstraction. We recall here that the transition trimmer opportunistic takeover of a job to a different function is common in evolution. For example, evolved ear ossicles used in hearing when mammals from the backside of the mandibular bone reptiles. Perhaps maneuvered formal abstraction seeds cruciate emergence of language, in addition to the use of metaphor and abstract thinking [see box on page 73].
FAQs (********)Are there different types of processions sense?Flag count about 50 pattern. This situation is repeated in captivity. And can be more common in women and creators, which is likely to affect one person in 200 of them. In the most common patterns raises to look at numbers or listen to chromatic tones sense. In a rare species, associated with each character masculine or feminine sex; which is an example of the brain's tendency to split the world into two categories.If the owner of the processions linking sense a color and a letter or number one, what happens when seen diplopia of characters such as g e "" or to the two numbers together, such as "25"?He sees colors that correspond to individual letters and numbers. But if approached letters and numbers from each other a great closer, one of them the other may cancel the color fades. If both raise the same color, the one reinforcing the other.Does it matter that great characters (ie: introductory letters) or small (ie: introductory letters)?Answer: No, on the whole. But individuals sometimes mentioned seeing colors less severe in the case of small characters, or the appearance of shiny small letters or even mottled.How words appear full?Often spreads color of the first character all across the floor, and even consonants, Kaharv "p" in the word "psalm", they cause this effect.What if the owner of a sense of multilingual processions?May be one of the languages of units written graphemes color; while not be the second language (or other languages) color. This may be due to the different languages are represented in different brain regions.What happens when the person draws a picture of the mentality of a letter or number?Could raise imagination Luna stronger than motivate seen a real letter or number. It may well be that in practice do the same brain areas that do Show your true colors. However, due to the absence of competing signals from the real number comes from the retina, the character or the imaginary number sends a color line with stronger.Are improves common processions memory?Can sense processions improve memory. He described the late Russian neuroscientist <R. A. Luria> people strong memory has the wonderful ability to remember because of the interdependence of all five senses; owning even Hactin interrelated may help improve memory.
When we began our search to find out the common processions We did not have any sign of where to take us. Did not generate Bkhaldna never hidden that this phenomenon, which has long promised just a strange thing, can offer a window overlooking the nature of thinking.
In addition to our search that explains why you may tendency of artists to the suffering of processions sense, he suggests that we all have some susceptibility to this tendency, and this attribute is that perhaps created the basis for the development of abstraction, which is the ability superior to humans.Is the brain region that is believed to tactile information and hearing and vision converge to allow the establishment of high-level perceptions. For example, we say: Cat زغباء (for req) and meowing and Takrkhr (heard) and with the appearance of a certain (vision) and a special smell (tattooed); All these qualities are extracted at the same time if we recall a cat or heard the word «snapshot».
See you can have angular gyrus (which is significantly larger in humans than in apes and monkeys) developed originally in order to achieve cross-formal links, then became to other jobs more abstract such as the use of metaphor, for example? Let us consider drawings cartoons were originally صممهما psychologist <W. Kohler>: one looks like ink blotter; and the other looks like a jagged piece of glass shattered. When we ask: «any charts is 'Bubba' and whichever is 'Kiki'? Indicates 98 percent of people to ink blotter on it (Bupa) and to the other drawing on it (Kiki). Perhaps this happens because of amoebic-shaped curves that mimics the smooth metaphorically Altamorat gentle voice (Bupa) according to what is represented in the hearing centers of the brain, as well as due to the gradual turn inflection during rouge sound Toledhma (Bupa) Alanhanaúa. In contrast, the waveform of the sound (Kiki) and the accompanying sharp reversal of the San palate mimic the sudden changes in the visual form broken. The only thing that combines these two qualities of sound Kiki except what is in the abstraction of Anthelam property jaggedness that is drawn somewhere next TPO Forum and is likely to be the angular gyrus. (We refer here to the recently we found that patients with damage to the angular gyrus lose influence Popa - Kiki bouba-kiki effect, ie they can not fit between the shape and sound right). In this sense, we may all be infected a hidden sense processions.
Thus leads angular gyrus very preliminary abstract pattern is to extract the common denominator of a group of similar quinones is to a large extent. True, we do not know how to lead this gyrus that task on the face of accurate, but when they emerged portability dealing cruciate formal abstraction, may pave the way of introduction to the most complex patterns of abstraction. We recall here that the transition trimmer opportunistic takeover of a job to a different function is common in evolution. For example, evolved ear ossicles used in hearing when mammals from the backside of the mandibular bone reptiles. Perhaps maneuvered formal abstraction seeds cruciate emergence of language, in addition to the use of metaphor and abstract thinking [see box on page 73].
FAQs (********)Are there different types of processions sense?Flag count about 50 pattern. This situation is repeated in captivity. And can be more common in women and creators, which is likely to affect one person in 200 of them. In the most common patterns raises to look at numbers or listen to chromatic tones sense. In a rare species, associated with each character masculine or feminine sex; which is an example of the brain's tendency to split the world into two categories.If the owner of the processions linking sense a color and a letter or number one, what happens when seen diplopia of characters such as g e "" or to the two numbers together, such as "25"?He sees colors that correspond to individual letters and numbers. But if approached letters and numbers from each other a great closer, one of them the other may cancel the color fades. If both raise the same color, the one reinforcing the other.Does it matter that great characters (ie: introductory letters) or small (ie: introductory letters)?Answer: No, on the whole. But individuals sometimes mentioned seeing colors less severe in the case of small characters, or the appearance of shiny small letters or even mottled.How words appear full?Often spreads color of the first character all across the floor, and even consonants, Kaharv "p" in the word "psalm", they cause this effect.What if the owner of a sense of multilingual processions?May be one of the languages of units written graphemes color; while not be the second language (or other languages) color. This may be due to the different languages are represented in different brain regions.What happens when the person draws a picture of the mentality of a letter or number?Could raise imagination Luna stronger than motivate seen a real letter or number. It may well be that in practice do the same brain areas that do Show your true colors. However, due to the absence of competing signals from the real number comes from the retina, the character or the imaginary number sends a color line with stronger.Are improves common processions memory?Can sense processions improve memory. He described the late Russian neuroscientist <R. A. Luria> people strong memory has the wonderful ability to remember because of the interdependence of all five senses; owning even Hactin interrelated may help improve memory.
When we began our search to find out the common processions We did not have any sign of where to take us. Did not generate Bkhaldna never hidden that this phenomenon, which has long promised just a strange thing, can offer a window overlooking the nature of thinking.
