Explain
the benefits and functions of the brain and the
brain
In the brain are objects neurons concentrated in the outer layer (cortex) Cerebral Cortex and be the color gray and this is called gray matter Grey Matter and axes neurons present in the home and be the color white and this is called white matter White Matter, and in the white matter there gatherings the bodies of neurons and these gatherings called the nucleus Nucleus or node Ganglion. In the spinal cord white matter contrast (axes neurons) abroad and gray matter (neurons objects) at home
Divides medial longitudinal fissure (internal) Medial Longitudinal Fissure brain into two halves is completely separate from each other, and the two right hemisphere Right Cerebral Hemisphere and the left hemisphere Left Cerebral Hemisphere. And the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and one of them is the dominant hemisphere Dominant Cerebral Hemisphere, people who use the right hand is the left hemisphere is dominant they have and people who use the left hand have the right cerebral hemisphere is dominant for them. Since most people use the right hand often be left hemisphere is dominant.Crumple gray matter in the brain in the form of gyri Gyri and single convolution Gyrus, and this to increase the surface area of the brain and between Allalev no cracks and the cracks have names and important to know gyri different from the brain and will remind Allalev and cracks task them and their functions.
In the brain are objects neurons concentrated in the outer layer (cortex) Cerebral Cortex and be the color gray and this is called gray matter Grey Matter and axes neurons present in the home and be the color white and this is called white matter White Matter, and in the white matter there gatherings the bodies of neurons and these gatherings called the nucleus Nucleus or node Ganglion. In the spinal cord white matter contrast (axes neurons) abroad and gray matter (neurons objects) at home
Divides medial longitudinal fissure (internal) Medial Longitudinal Fissure brain into two halves is completely separate from each other, and the two right hemisphere Right Cerebral Hemisphere and the left hemisphere Left Cerebral Hemisphere. And the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and one of them is the dominant hemisphere Dominant Cerebral Hemisphere, people who use the right hand is the left hemisphere is dominant they have and people who use the left hand have the right cerebral hemisphere is dominant for them. Since most people use the right hand often be left hemisphere is dominant.Crumple gray matter in the brain in the form of gyri Gyri and single convolution Gyrus, and this to increase the surface area of the brain and between Allalev no cracks and the cracks have names and important to know gyri different from the brain and will remind Allalev and cracks task them and their functions.
And
divided each of the cerebral hemisphere in the outer surface of the four (4)
lobes, and two:
Frontal lobe Frontal Lobe, and is responsible for the control emotions and emotions in man and his character, as well as important to learn and practice the skills sensorimotor complex, people who have damage to this lobe can not afford social attitudes and how to act appropriately to these situations and do not control بعواطفه Fterahm laugh sometimes and cry sometimes and anything that comes to mind they are doing without assess whether appropriate action in this situation or not. Also contains frontal gyrus lower in the back than in the hemisphere dominant area Berukas Broca's Area and is the region responsible for speaking and damage leads to aphasia motor Motor Aphasia where that person knows what he wants to say, but he can not speak or be his words slow and incomprehensible, although there is no paralysis of the muscles of the tongue and throat (ENT). Gyrus front of the central part Precentral Gyrus and wall the Central Sulcus central part front containing the motor cortex Motor Cortex responsible for voluntary muscle movement in the opposite side of the body, any motor cortex in the right hemisphere is responsible for movement of the muscles of the left side of the body and vice versa motor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere is responsible for movement of the muscles of the right side of the body, and damage to this area leads to paralysis on the opposite side of the body. In the motor cortex are members of the representative body upside down, ie the lower part of the motor cortex that controls the tongue, throat and then flip and so on and at the top are the control muscles of the foot.
Parietal lobe Parietal Lobe and contains gyrus postcentral Postcentral Gyrus and this gyrus with the back wall to divide the central contain sensory cortex Sensory Cortex responsible for sensation in the opposite side of the body. And damage this region leads to loss of sensation in the opposite side of the body and be members of the representative body upside down as in the motor cortex.
Temporal Lobe temporal lobe and the superior temporal gyrus contains Superior Temporal Gyrus on the areas of hearing and also contains a marginal gyrus epitaxial Supramarginal Gyrus and angular gyrus Marginal Gyrus and two contain memory read and written words and damage to this area leads to dyslexia (difficulty reading and learned) Dyslexia.
Occipital lobe Occipital Lobe, located in the back of the brain and has a vision center and damage the region lead to blindness.
Frontal lobe Frontal Lobe, and is responsible for the control emotions and emotions in man and his character, as well as important to learn and practice the skills sensorimotor complex, people who have damage to this lobe can not afford social attitudes and how to act appropriately to these situations and do not control بعواطفه Fterahm laugh sometimes and cry sometimes and anything that comes to mind they are doing without assess whether appropriate action in this situation or not. Also contains frontal gyrus lower in the back than in the hemisphere dominant area Berukas Broca's Area and is the region responsible for speaking and damage leads to aphasia motor Motor Aphasia where that person knows what he wants to say, but he can not speak or be his words slow and incomprehensible, although there is no paralysis of the muscles of the tongue and throat (ENT). Gyrus front of the central part Precentral Gyrus and wall the Central Sulcus central part front containing the motor cortex Motor Cortex responsible for voluntary muscle movement in the opposite side of the body, any motor cortex in the right hemisphere is responsible for movement of the muscles of the left side of the body and vice versa motor cortex in the left cerebral hemisphere is responsible for movement of the muscles of the right side of the body, and damage to this area leads to paralysis on the opposite side of the body. In the motor cortex are members of the representative body upside down, ie the lower part of the motor cortex that controls the tongue, throat and then flip and so on and at the top are the control muscles of the foot.
Parietal lobe Parietal Lobe and contains gyrus postcentral Postcentral Gyrus and this gyrus with the back wall to divide the central contain sensory cortex Sensory Cortex responsible for sensation in the opposite side of the body. And damage this region leads to loss of sensation in the opposite side of the body and be members of the representative body upside down as in the motor cortex.
Temporal Lobe temporal lobe and the superior temporal gyrus contains Superior Temporal Gyrus on the areas of hearing and also contains a marginal gyrus epitaxial Supramarginal Gyrus and angular gyrus Marginal Gyrus and two contain memory read and written words and damage to this area leads to dyslexia (difficulty reading and learned) Dyslexia.
Occipital lobe Occipital Lobe, located in the back of the brain and has a vision center and damage the region lead to blindness.
The cerebral hemispheres are not completely separated from each other,
we can say that they have been separated from each other at the top, in the
inner surface of relation with each other by the corpus callosum Corpus Callosum is a nerve fiber (axes
neurons) reached between similar areas in the cerebral hemispheres. And it will
be cingulate gyrus Cingulate Gyrus and is
part of the limbic system Limbic system, which controls the emotions and feelings in humans. Under the corpus callosum is the lateral ventricle (lateral) Lateral
Ventricle, and There Btinan,
one left and another right and respect each third ventricle Third Ventricle by central foramen (between)
the ventricles Interventricular Foramen or foramen of Monro Foramina of Munro and related third ventricle ventricle fourth fourth Ventricle, which is located in the brain stem by aqueduct of Sylvius aqueduct of Sylvius which crosses through the midbrain.
And then related the fourth ventricle central channel Central Canal in the spinal cord and the four ventricles and the
central canal contain
cerebrospinal fluid (or CSF)
CerebroSpinal Fluid
Fee to the internal surface of the brain, the
Green Zone is an
extension of the motor cortex and yellow stretch of the sensory cortex,
the region Baltrquaz is the center of vision in the occipital lobe and the red zone is the exact center of vision
Midbrain Midbrain and bridge Pons and spinal the Medulla Oblongata they are rectangle brainstem Brainstem. And midbrain is located above the bridge and the bridge above the medulla oblongata, which is connected to the spinal cord and cerebellum is located behind them Cerebellum, and related brain cerebellum trunk through superior cerebellar peduncle Superior Cerebellar Peduncle and Lower cerebellar peduncle Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle. There in the midbrain visual reaction centers, for example, when you touch the hands something or you notice something and you want to see or Ttfhs near you heed him and focus your gaze upon or تقربه you and so on. And midbrain also contains the auditory reaction centers, for example, you hear a beep Vtlf toward the sound source to see what it is. And midbrain contains nucleus of cranial nerves third quarter, and the fifth
Midbrain Midbrain and bridge Pons and spinal the Medulla Oblongata they are rectangle brainstem Brainstem. And midbrain is located above the bridge and the bridge above the medulla oblongata, which is connected to the spinal cord and cerebellum is located behind them Cerebellum, and related brain cerebellum trunk through superior cerebellar peduncle Superior Cerebellar Peduncle and Lower cerebellar peduncle Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle. There in the midbrain visual reaction centers, for example, when you touch the hands something or you notice something and you want to see or Ttfhs near you heed him and focus your gaze upon or تقربه you and so on. And midbrain also contains the auditory reaction centers, for example, you hear a beep Vtlf toward the sound source to see what it is. And midbrain contains nucleus of cranial nerves third quarter, and the fifth
The
bridge contains a nucleus of cranial nerves V and VI and VII and VIII as well,
and the medulla oblongata contains the nucleus of cranial nerves IX, X and XI
and XII. And
cranial nerves Cranial Nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System and will mention their names in sequential order and
function:
Olfactory nerve Olfactory Nerve responsible for the sense of smell in humans.
Optic Nerve Optic Nerve is responsible for vision in humans.
Oculomotor nerve Oculomotor Nerve and feeds the external eye muscles responsible for eye movement all except lateral rectus muscle and superior oblique muscle. And carries with it a friendly neurofibers Sympathetic Fibers responsible for the reaction of the eye to light (reflected photosensitizer) Light reflex as well as reflex adjustment Accommodation Reflex example, adjust the eye to read closely.
Trochlear nerve Trochlear Nerve, feeds superior oblique muscle of the eye.
Trigeminal nerve Trigeminal Nerve, sensory nerve of the face (sense) and the scalp and also carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication.
Abducens nerve Abducens Nerve and feeds lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
Facial nerve Facial Nerve, and feeds surface muscles of the face (muscles of expression, such as smiling and frowning) and carries sensory pain fibers and the heat from the ear, as well as sensory taste fibers in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the Valleys fibers Parasympathetic Fibers of the salivary glands.
Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibulcochlear Nerve, nerve responsible for hearing and balance in humans.
Glossopharyngeal nerve Glossopharyngeal Nerve, carries sensory fibers from the last third of the tongue and the fiber to the Valleys of the salivary glands and motor fibers of the muscles of the pharynx.
Vagus nerve Vagus Nerve fibers and holds Valleys Parasympathetic Fibers for members of al-Sadr and the digestive system and the heart, for example to stimulate the vagus nerve reduces heart rate and increases bowel movement. And also carries motor fibers to the throat muscles, pharynx and larynx.
Accessory Nerve nerve and feeds the muscles of the larynx and pharynx with the vagus nerve and branch it feeds involuntary muscles in the neck.
Hypoglossal nerve Hypoglossal Nerve is the motor nerve of the tongue any feeds the muscles of the tongue
Illustration of the lower surface of the brain shows the cranial nerves and its connection to the brain, and is shown by serial numbers
Olfactory nerve Olfactory Nerve responsible for the sense of smell in humans.
Optic Nerve Optic Nerve is responsible for vision in humans.
Oculomotor nerve Oculomotor Nerve and feeds the external eye muscles responsible for eye movement all except lateral rectus muscle and superior oblique muscle. And carries with it a friendly neurofibers Sympathetic Fibers responsible for the reaction of the eye to light (reflected photosensitizer) Light reflex as well as reflex adjustment Accommodation Reflex example, adjust the eye to read closely.
Trochlear nerve Trochlear Nerve, feeds superior oblique muscle of the eye.
Trigeminal nerve Trigeminal Nerve, sensory nerve of the face (sense) and the scalp and also carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication.
Abducens nerve Abducens Nerve and feeds lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
Facial nerve Facial Nerve, and feeds surface muscles of the face (muscles of expression, such as smiling and frowning) and carries sensory pain fibers and the heat from the ear, as well as sensory taste fibers in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the Valleys fibers Parasympathetic Fibers of the salivary glands.
Vestibulocochlear nerve Vestibulcochlear Nerve, nerve responsible for hearing and balance in humans.
Glossopharyngeal nerve Glossopharyngeal Nerve, carries sensory fibers from the last third of the tongue and the fiber to the Valleys of the salivary glands and motor fibers of the muscles of the pharynx.
Vagus nerve Vagus Nerve fibers and holds Valleys Parasympathetic Fibers for members of al-Sadr and the digestive system and the heart, for example to stimulate the vagus nerve reduces heart rate and increases bowel movement. And also carries motor fibers to the throat muscles, pharynx and larynx.
Accessory Nerve nerve and feeds the muscles of the larynx and pharynx with the vagus nerve and branch it feeds involuntary muscles in the neck.
Hypoglossal nerve Hypoglossal Nerve is the motor nerve of the tongue any feeds the muscles of the tongue
Illustration of the lower surface of the brain shows the cranial nerves and its connection to the brain, and is shown by serial numbers
Cerebellum
regulates muscle movements to be harmonious and well balanced in humans, where
it is responsible for sensation put the body in space, if a person has damage to
the cerebellum, it sways while walking and can not walk in the path of straight
and also shivering hands when he wants to pick something ,
as well as his speech is slow and unclear and improvisatory.
Spinal cord Spinal Cord begins after the medulla oblongata and extends to the bottom of the vertebral canal Vertebral Canal in the Vertebral Column backbone to the second lumbar vertebrae and then end up in the form of cauda equina Cauda Equina. And gray matter of the spinal cord are H-shaped and the front arm called the anterior horn Anterior Horn and back posterior horn Posterior Horn on the lateral century side (lateral) Lateral Horn and gray matter consists of the bodies of neurons, and the anterior horn arises from motor root Motor Root and from motor nerves of voluntary muscles, sensory and posterior horn and enter the sensory nerves from different members of the body posterior horn through the Sensory Root sensory root and are central canal in the center of the gray matter. White matter, which consists of axes neurons surrounding Article gray in the spinal cord and is a neurofibers emerging, such as the way the spinal cerebellar Spinocerebellar Tract, which carries information sensory status of the cerebellum until the person can balance and modify his position, and is another example of the way spinal clinical Spinothalamic Tract, which carries thermal sensation of bed (or hypothalamus) Thalamus in the brain so that the body can regulate temperature. And descending nerve fibers such as spinal cortical way Corticospinal Tract, which holds the command of the motor cortex to the anterior horn and motor from the nerves by motor root to the body movement required of it by position
Spinal cord Spinal Cord begins after the medulla oblongata and extends to the bottom of the vertebral canal Vertebral Canal in the Vertebral Column backbone to the second lumbar vertebrae and then end up in the form of cauda equina Cauda Equina. And gray matter of the spinal cord are H-shaped and the front arm called the anterior horn Anterior Horn and back posterior horn Posterior Horn on the lateral century side (lateral) Lateral Horn and gray matter consists of the bodies of neurons, and the anterior horn arises from motor root Motor Root and from motor nerves of voluntary muscles, sensory and posterior horn and enter the sensory nerves from different members of the body posterior horn through the Sensory Root sensory root and are central canal in the center of the gray matter. White matter, which consists of axes neurons surrounding Article gray in the spinal cord and is a neurofibers emerging, such as the way the spinal cerebellar Spinocerebellar Tract, which carries information sensory status of the cerebellum until the person can balance and modify his position, and is another example of the way spinal clinical Spinothalamic Tract, which carries thermal sensation of bed (or hypothalamus) Thalamus in the brain so that the body can regulate temperature. And descending nerve fibers such as spinal cortical way Corticospinal Tract, which holds the command of the motor cortex to the anterior horn and motor from the nerves by motor root to the body movement required of it by position
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