Explain the
benefits and functions of
the thyroid gland
Thyroid Thyroid Gland is a endocrine important and vital in the body.
And These glands Balsme called because they do not have channel through which pour their secretions, but poured directly into the blood.
Control of thyroid hormones in the metabolism of **** bolism most tissues in the body.
The thyroid gland is located at the bottom of the top of the neck, and consists of two lobes Lobes, and right lobe, left lobe linked by the Isthmus of Thyroid Isthmus.
And thyroid adjacent to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx Thyroid Cartilage and linked to it (for this move thyroid up and down during the swallowing process), and the top of the trachea Trachea.
It consists the thyroid gland in the fetus from the base of the tongue and then descend during their formation and evolution to the bottom of the neck.
Thyroid Thyroid Gland is a endocrine important and vital in the body.
And These glands Balsme called because they do not have channel through which pour their secretions, but poured directly into the blood.
Control of thyroid hormones in the metabolism of **** bolism most tissues in the body.
The thyroid gland is located at the bottom of the top of the neck, and consists of two lobes Lobes, and right lobe, left lobe linked by the Isthmus of Thyroid Isthmus.
And thyroid adjacent to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx Thyroid Cartilage and linked to it (for this move thyroid up and down during the swallowing process), and the top of the trachea Trachea.
It consists the thyroid gland in the fetus from the base of the tongue and then descend during their formation and evolution to the bottom of the neck.
Thyroid gland
consists of follicles Follicles containing thyroid globulin (Thaaroglupulin)
Thyroglobulin and which is the source of hormone Althairoxin. Produce and secrete thyroid hormone Althairoxin in Sourtah Althaaronen four iodine Tetra-Iodo-Thyronine (T4) and Althairoxin three iodine Tri-Iodo-Thyronine (T3), and iodine Iodide is necessary for the production and secretion Althairoxin and deficiency leads to goiter (peaches
) Goitre.
Micrograph
of a cross-sectional slice of the thyroid gland on the left and Illustration
amplifier on the left of the follicles.
Thyroid secretes T4 more than T3, but a large amount of T4 into T3 in tissues such as the liver, kidney and muscle.
And who works on the pituitary gland to secrete hormone turn instigator of the thyroid glandThyroid-Stimulating-Hormone and who works on the induction of the thyroid gland to produce and secrete the hormoneAlthairoxin.
And whenever lack Althairoxin in blood increases the secretion of these hormones and vice versa if the quantity increased in the blood shortage secretion of these hormones and this is called the reflux Baltltakim negative Negative Feedback Mechanism, and its mission is to preserve the natural level of the hormone in the blood for the performance of his work to the fullest ..
Insufficiency (idle) Thyroid Hypothyroidism is the inability to manufacture thyroid or hormone secretion Althairoxin the required level of the body, and also called Balmiksidema Myxoedema. And the reasons for failure are either Primary sense that initial bugs and disease in the thyroid itself or secondary Secondary, and is rare, an imbalance in the axis subclinical pituitary Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Axis leading to a decrease in the hormone-induced thyroid Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.
Hypothyroidism of the most common endocrine diseases, and affects more women than men.
1) congenital (congenital) Congenital:Not be thyroid Thyroid Agenesis, the thyroid gland is not present in the body since birth not formed during the development of the embryo.
Remnants of ectopic thyroid gland Ectopic Thyroid Remnants, as a result of the defect in the formation of which only remnants remain in the body.
Iodine deficiency Iodine deficiency:The thyroid gland is not able to manufacture and secretion of thyroid hormone (Althairoxin) due to lack of iodine in the body. And often gets in mountainous areas such as Alps, Alheimilaya, South America and Central Africa, which still suffers from a lack of iodine in the diet.
And iodine deficiency leads to goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) Goitre endemic in some areas (endemic goiter) Endemic Goitre.
Not be hormone Dyshormonogenesis:This is a rare case, and is the result of a genetic defect in the manufacture of thyroid hormone, and infected patient failure and hypertrophy (peaches) thyroid.
Thyroid drugs against Antithyroid Drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism HyperthyroidismAnd other drugs such as Allecim Lithium, Omayudaron Amiodarone and IFN Interferon
Thyroid secretes T4 more than T3, but a large amount of T4 into T3 in tissues such as the liver, kidney and muscle.
And who works on the pituitary gland to secrete hormone turn instigator of the thyroid glandThyroid-Stimulating-Hormone and who works on the induction of the thyroid gland to produce and secrete the hormoneAlthairoxin.
And whenever lack Althairoxin in blood increases the secretion of these hormones and vice versa if the quantity increased in the blood shortage secretion of these hormones and this is called the reflux Baltltakim negative Negative Feedback Mechanism, and its mission is to preserve the natural level of the hormone in the blood for the performance of his work to the fullest ..
Insufficiency (idle) Thyroid Hypothyroidism is the inability to manufacture thyroid or hormone secretion Althairoxin the required level of the body, and also called Balmiksidema Myxoedema. And the reasons for failure are either Primary sense that initial bugs and disease in the thyroid itself or secondary Secondary, and is rare, an imbalance in the axis subclinical pituitary Hypothalamic - Pituitary - Axis leading to a decrease in the hormone-induced thyroid Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.
Hypothyroidism of the most common endocrine diseases, and affects more women than men.
1) congenital (congenital) Congenital:Not be thyroid Thyroid Agenesis, the thyroid gland is not present in the body since birth not formed during the development of the embryo.
Remnants of ectopic thyroid gland Ectopic Thyroid Remnants, as a result of the defect in the formation of which only remnants remain in the body.
Iodine deficiency Iodine deficiency:The thyroid gland is not able to manufacture and secretion of thyroid hormone (Althairoxin) due to lack of iodine in the body. And often gets in mountainous areas such as Alps, Alheimilaya, South America and Central Africa, which still suffers from a lack of iodine in the diet.
And iodine deficiency leads to goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) Goitre endemic in some areas (endemic goiter) Endemic Goitre.
Not be hormone Dyshormonogenesis:This is a rare case, and is the result of a genetic defect in the manufacture of thyroid hormone, and infected patient failure and hypertrophy (peaches) thyroid.
Thyroid drugs against Antithyroid Drugs used to treat hyperthyroidism HyperthyroidismAnd other drugs such as Allecim Lithium, Omayudaron Amiodarone and IFN Interferon
Enlarged thyroid (goiter)
Goiter3)
thyroiditis impregnable Autoimmune Thyroiditis:
- Is the most common cause of hypothyroidism frequently, and is characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies of the thyroid gland in the blood Antithyroid Auto-Antibodies and that lead to the invasion of lymph gland blood cells Lymphoid Infiltration and then gland atrophy and Tlifaa.
- Affects women 6 times more than men, and abound infection with age.
- Be accompanied with other diseases impervious to Autoimmune Diseases such as pernicious anemia Pernicious Anemia, vitiligo Vitiligo and other endocrine glands palaces Endocrine Deficiencies.
Hashimoto's disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis:
Thyroiditis postpartum Postpartum Thyroiditis:Thyroiditis this is often a transitional phenomenon tracking pregnancy, and can lead to hyperthyroidism (increased secretion of the hormone) Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism palaces or both consecutively.
And is believed to be the result of the necessary amendments to the immune system Immune System during pregnancy and often be the case (hypothyroidism) temporary, but with the presence of thyroid auto-antibodies in the blood turn the situation to the lack of permanent thyroid.
Results from inflammation of the thyroid virus, and are the initial symptoms are fever, fatigue and pain in the neck and Eelam thyroid topical above.
5) hypothyroidism postoperative Post Surgical Hypothyroidism:This, of course, result in removal of the thyroid gland surgical process for some reason, such as peaches or cancer.
Hypothyroidism after treatment with radioactive iodine Radioactive Iodine Therapy, which is used to destroy the thyroid gland to treat hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism.
Neck irradiation External Neck Irradiation is the use of radiation therapy for the disease in the neck outside the thyroid gland which leads to damage and shortcomings, such as neck irradiation for the treatment of lymphoma Lymphoma.
7) as a result of hypothyroidism ترشحات cancerous Tumour Infiltration, this of course as a result of the invasion of thyroid cancer cells from another member of the body and then damage and palaces.
1) Hypopituitrism Hypopituitarism:Generally causes hypothyroidism secondary are very rare, and hypopituitarism resulting deficiency in the secretion of the hormone-induced thyroid Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and is important for the work of the thyroid gland, where it Ihredha to produce and sort the thyroid hormone.
Thyroid gland produces and secretes the hormone naturally, but the cells do not respond to him, leading to the emergence of symptoms of hypothyroidism despite the presence of the hormone in the blood.
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism Clinical features:
Feeling tired and exhausted.
Overweight.
Intolerance to cold weather.
Swelling of the face and change his features.
Weak memory and large forgotten.
Depression.
Sexual apathy.
Peaches (goiter).
Bloated eyes.
Dehydration and trichorrhexis.
Dehydration and skin roughness and wrinkle.
Pain of joints and muscles.
Muscle weakness and stiffness.
Constipation.
Menorrhagia abundance or lack of Oligomenorrhoea menstrual cycle in women.
Incidence of psychosis Psychosis.
Shortages in the severity of hearing or deaf.
Injury comatose Coma.
Slowness of movement and speech and deepening of the voice.
Acrohypothermy and swelling.
Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Children with thyroid possible failure do not show symptoms vernacular, but they have a lack of growth retardation and poor school performance and sometimes fails to adulthood.
Young women Astkn lack Oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhea (stop) AmenorrhoeaOr abundance Menorrhagia menstrual cycle, infertility Infertility or excessive prolactin secretionHyperprolactinemia, must exclude hypothyroidism therein.
Blood analysis which confirms the presence of primary hypothyroidism is the level of induced thyroid hormone in the blood TSH, which is high.
Hormone level Althairoxin quadruple total Total T4 and free Free T4 in the blood is low in cases of hypothyroidism primary or secondary.
In cases of hypothyroidism secondary result of a defect in subclinical pituitary axis TSH level is low or normal with low level Althairoxin in blood.
Analysis of thyroid autoantibodies AntiThyroid Antibodies in the blood be positive in cases of hypothyroidism impregnable.
Other blood tests showing the presence of anemia Anemia
High cholesterol level Hypercholesterolaemia,Low level of sodium in the blood Hyponatraemia, rising some yeasts (enzymes) in the blood, such as AST and CK.
Therapy Treatment:Treatment, of course, is to compensate the shortage lifelong hormone, and is Althairoxin T4, and begin treatment at a dose of 100 microgram per day and for older people or young structure as possible to start with a 50 microgram dose increased to 100 microgram after 2 to 4 weeks. And people who suffer from angina treatment begins with a 25 microgram dose and gradually increase with no symptoms or changes in the fee (planning) heart ECG.And then works check thyroid function Thyroid Function Test to measure the level of TSH and T4 and the goal is to reach them to the normal level.
Regular dose Althairoxin are often 100-150 microgram per day, taken as a single dose.And should continue at least once a year to the work of analysis and thyroid function and this, of course, to note the emergence of or return any offer.Symptoms the patient feels better after taking two weeks treatment, and possible to take the symptoms have improved college for 6 months of starting treatment.
Hypothyroidism and pregnancy:If a pregnant woman infected with hypothyroidism and not treated during pregnancy, will have a negative impact and repercussions on both the mother and fetus are as follows:
1) complications for pregnant women:Anemia.Injury situation before Pre-Eclampsia.Ruptured placenta Placental Abruption.
Defect in heart function (such as congestive heart action) Cardiac Dysfunction.Abortion Abortion.
2) complications of the fetus:
Death of a fetus in the womb, or stillbirth Still Birth.Lack of growth and development of the fetal nervous system Poor Neurological Development.
- Is the most common cause of hypothyroidism frequently, and is characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies of the thyroid gland in the blood Antithyroid Auto-Antibodies and that lead to the invasion of lymph gland blood cells Lymphoid Infiltration and then gland atrophy and Tlifaa.
- Affects women 6 times more than men, and abound infection with age.
- Be accompanied with other diseases impervious to Autoimmune Diseases such as pernicious anemia Pernicious Anemia, vitiligo Vitiligo and other endocrine glands palaces Endocrine Deficiencies.
Hashimoto's disease Hashimoto's Thyroiditis:
Thyroiditis postpartum Postpartum Thyroiditis:Thyroiditis this is often a transitional phenomenon tracking pregnancy, and can lead to hyperthyroidism (increased secretion of the hormone) Hyperthyroidism or Hypothyroidism palaces or both consecutively.
And is believed to be the result of the necessary amendments to the immune system Immune System during pregnancy and often be the case (hypothyroidism) temporary, but with the presence of thyroid auto-antibodies in the blood turn the situation to the lack of permanent thyroid.
Results from inflammation of the thyroid virus, and are the initial symptoms are fever, fatigue and pain in the neck and Eelam thyroid topical above.
5) hypothyroidism postoperative Post Surgical Hypothyroidism:This, of course, result in removal of the thyroid gland surgical process for some reason, such as peaches or cancer.
Hypothyroidism after treatment with radioactive iodine Radioactive Iodine Therapy, which is used to destroy the thyroid gland to treat hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism.
Neck irradiation External Neck Irradiation is the use of radiation therapy for the disease in the neck outside the thyroid gland which leads to damage and shortcomings, such as neck irradiation for the treatment of lymphoma Lymphoma.
7) as a result of hypothyroidism ترشحات cancerous Tumour Infiltration, this of course as a result of the invasion of thyroid cancer cells from another member of the body and then damage and palaces.
1) Hypopituitrism Hypopituitarism:Generally causes hypothyroidism secondary are very rare, and hypopituitarism resulting deficiency in the secretion of the hormone-induced thyroid Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and is important for the work of the thyroid gland, where it Ihredha to produce and sort the thyroid hormone.
Thyroid gland produces and secretes the hormone naturally, but the cells do not respond to him, leading to the emergence of symptoms of hypothyroidism despite the presence of the hormone in the blood.
Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism Clinical features:
Feeling tired and exhausted.
Overweight.
Intolerance to cold weather.
Swelling of the face and change his features.
Weak memory and large forgotten.
Depression.
Sexual apathy.
Peaches (goiter).
Bloated eyes.
Dehydration and trichorrhexis.
Dehydration and skin roughness and wrinkle.
Pain of joints and muscles.
Muscle weakness and stiffness.
Constipation.
Menorrhagia abundance or lack of Oligomenorrhoea menstrual cycle in women.
Incidence of psychosis Psychosis.
Shortages in the severity of hearing or deaf.
Injury comatose Coma.
Slowness of movement and speech and deepening of the voice.
Acrohypothermy and swelling.
Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
Children with thyroid possible failure do not show symptoms vernacular, but they have a lack of growth retardation and poor school performance and sometimes fails to adulthood.
Young women Astkn lack Oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhea (stop) AmenorrhoeaOr abundance Menorrhagia menstrual cycle, infertility Infertility or excessive prolactin secretionHyperprolactinemia, must exclude hypothyroidism therein.
Blood analysis which confirms the presence of primary hypothyroidism is the level of induced thyroid hormone in the blood TSH, which is high.
Hormone level Althairoxin quadruple total Total T4 and free Free T4 in the blood is low in cases of hypothyroidism primary or secondary.
In cases of hypothyroidism secondary result of a defect in subclinical pituitary axis TSH level is low or normal with low level Althairoxin in blood.
Analysis of thyroid autoantibodies AntiThyroid Antibodies in the blood be positive in cases of hypothyroidism impregnable.
Other blood tests showing the presence of anemia Anemia
High cholesterol level Hypercholesterolaemia,Low level of sodium in the blood Hyponatraemia, rising some yeasts (enzymes) in the blood, such as AST and CK.
Therapy Treatment:Treatment, of course, is to compensate the shortage lifelong hormone, and is Althairoxin T4, and begin treatment at a dose of 100 microgram per day and for older people or young structure as possible to start with a 50 microgram dose increased to 100 microgram after 2 to 4 weeks. And people who suffer from angina treatment begins with a 25 microgram dose and gradually increase with no symptoms or changes in the fee (planning) heart ECG.And then works check thyroid function Thyroid Function Test to measure the level of TSH and T4 and the goal is to reach them to the normal level.
Regular dose Althairoxin are often 100-150 microgram per day, taken as a single dose.And should continue at least once a year to the work of analysis and thyroid function and this, of course, to note the emergence of or return any offer.Symptoms the patient feels better after taking two weeks treatment, and possible to take the symptoms have improved college for 6 months of starting treatment.
Hypothyroidism and pregnancy:If a pregnant woman infected with hypothyroidism and not treated during pregnancy, will have a negative impact and repercussions on both the mother and fetus are as follows:
1) complications for pregnant women:Anemia.Injury situation before Pre-Eclampsia.Ruptured placenta Placental Abruption.
Defect in heart function (such as congestive heart action) Cardiac Dysfunction.Abortion Abortion.
2) complications of the fetus:
Death of a fetus in the womb, or stillbirth Still Birth.Lack of growth and development of the fetal nervous system Poor Neurological Development.
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