Veil Ahajer The Diaphragm

Veil Ahajer The Diaphragm:
He striped muscle (ie, from Alno p which can control it voluntarily), but can move without being controlled by voluntarily as well. That it is also subject to control breathing Vtbos speed orders from the movement in the cerebral cortex, and when you sleep, Allarroamr continue from the Medulla and Pons a breathing centers in the brain.Stick to the diaphragm muscle inside surface of the lower six ribs, and two or three paragraphs bra top, and bottom of the breastbone front Xyphoid Process and Lumbosacral Ligament.Ascend muscle fibers to click and then coalesce with each other in the bond in the middle The Central Tendon and be in the right-hand side top of the left side (where they cover liver) and be a clear difference in the chest.Covers the diaphragm from the upper contact of the lungs that line the chest lining a Parietal Pleura, and be central Rabat adjacent to the cover of Heart The Fibrous Pericardium.Either from the bottom of the diaphragm, it covers the Earth's lining of the womb in the abdomen and is Perietal Peritoneum except in one area, it touches the surface of the liver directly and this region is the Bare Area is located in the right lobe of the liver.
Nerve that transmits directives to the diaphragm movement (task and always come in the exam) is C3 C4 C5You can save the following sentence to always remember:C3, 4,5 Keeps The Diaphragm AliveSensory nerves that transmit the sensation of membranes also get stuck, they also move in the Phrenic Nerve, but from the outer region of the diaphragm nerve sensations transmitted by the six lower ribs because the diaphragm originally grows from that region.

 

 

 

There are 3 holes in the diaphragm

The bottom of the large vein (paragraph level T8):
Lower vein passes through a hole in the central link ie not through the muscle fibers and thank God for it if it passes through the muscle to Tqsalt and blocked the blood stream where because a thin wall.

One (the level of paragraph 10 T):
Esophagus slot located slightly to the left but surrounded by muscle fibers from the right section of the diaphragm. Passes through this slot also comes from arteries down gastric artery and relate to other human barriers and is one of the places to which they relate session pylori (which goes to the liver) with the rest of the circulatory system in the body PORTO-SYSTEMIC SHUNT


Aortae (paragraph level T 12):
For the third slot is at the back and passes through the aorta from the chest to the abdomen, this slot is located in the center and also passes through the canal, which endure the lymphatic fluid: THORACIC DUCT.

Drawing of the abdomen three dimensions 3D

Drawing of the abdomen three dimensions 3D and here have drawn abdominal muscle without headlights and without the small intestine
See the nerves and blood vessels that link to the abdominal muscles
See below some viscera such as liver, stomach and gallbladder under the liver
As well as the large intestine (colon)
And the large artery that goes in the abdomen in the back of the abdomen (aorta AORTA) with the large vein going to the heart INFERIOR VENA CAVA

 

Some important words to understand the anatomy

Some important words to understand the anatomy:
First lesson take in college: the words that show above and below and in front and behind. Words that Latino origin or Grecian.
Front anterior (front) which is located in the front of the body
Behind the posterior (rear)
External lateral no longer part of the midfield compared to another part, for example: college located farthest from the midline of the aorta, we say that the college be lateral impressed.
Unlike the lateral is medial
Alawi superior
Bottom inferior
External external
Internal internal

Hernia in the lower abdomen

Hernia in the lower abdomen:
Any opening in the abdominal wall (for example the front or rear wall, diaphragm or pelvic muscles) be an exhibition place because where any hernia occurs if increased intra-abdominal pressure, the members paid out of the slot.
At the bottom of the channel region there called INGUINAL CANAL channel which is not already, but a three muscles on top of each slots. These openings are not exactly on top of each even diagonally on each.

From abroad: external oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle which unite at the bottom with transverse muscle
Membrane browser TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA

The hole in the oblique muscle Foreign name: Superficial Inguinal Ring any episode Alarribih foreign, are not loop it is a vacuum in place fibroid oblique muscle of Foreign Affairs, and through this slot passes the spermatic cord or ligament ring, and when it passes through the loop this it takes them Glaca surrounds and continue with him to the bottom, so the vision episode is not easy. This casing that comes out of the ring and surrounds the spermatic cord or Rabat ring name of External Spermatic Fascia.The outer ring is composed of fibrous fiber of the external oblique muscle and is a long triangle. (See photo at top)Middle ring is the vicious or to transfer the hole formed in the meeting place of internal oblique muscle and transverse muscle. Meeting place of muscles named: CONJOINT TENDON.They planned to muscle but not under the will of man.Third hole deeper is the hole in the transverse muscle and its name DEEP INGUINAL RING It is also not very clear because it comes out of the membrane surrounding the spermatic cord and named INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA.Any spermatic cord has three covers such as three layers or if an wears three vestments.Internal aperture located midway between the upper fork sciatic ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE and pubic plateau PUBIC TUBERCLE.The femoral artery femoral artery is passing under the INGUINAL LIGAMENT in the middle of the distance between the upper fork sciatic and midfield. Any vicious lies to the outside of the femoral artery.It also notes that the spermatic cord passes through the holes from deep to superficial diagonally and worn every time the cover of muscle. The presence of holes in this way any diagonally is because that if increased pressure within the abdomen due to muscle contraction, muscle pressing on each Vtaatqoy region.

Explain the abdominal muscles nerves of the lower thoracic spine six and the first

Explain the abdominal muscles nerves of the lower thoracic spine six and the first

Comes to the abdominal muscles nerves of the lower thoracic spine six and the first
They walk between the internal oblique muscle and transverse muscle
And feeds all the abdominal muscles and skin at the abdomen.

Rectus behind RECTUS located EPIGASTRIC ARTERIES

Explanation fourth in the belly of the muscle man a rectus abdominus

Explanation fourth in the belly of the muscle man a rectus abdominus

The fourth in the abdomen muscle is the rectus abdominis muscle Rectus abdominis

They graduated from the ribs of the 5, 6 and 7 to the bone-Ani and travels three times Ttkhanat and stringed tendinous intersections and surrounded by a casing component of the three parts of the abdominal muscles mentioned.
The side of the muscle called linea semilunaris

 

 

Work your abdominal muscles: the movement and protection of guts and increase intra-abdominal pressure
Rectus used when you rise from your bed, they prove the rib cage to work the muscles of the neck on a firm footing. Also prove to the rest of the abdominal muscles the detailed  leg.
External oblique muscle shrinking Vtder trunk to the opposite direction (Think: muscle pull where you stick Insertion where he graduated from Origin). And thus with the internal oblique muscle to the other side of the body.
If I worked every muscle in one hand and conjoin the foldable body in those who Flexion.
Transverse muscle can if abdominal shrunk to withdraw to the inside.

Muscle shrinking involuntarily when someone directs a blow to the abdomen, protecting abdominal viscera.
As well as shrinking along with the diaphragm muscle rises in intra-abdominal pressure in the case of defecation, birth or other.
If shrunk abdominal muscles while relaxed diaphragm the person can cough. So it's unfortunate that the patient after surgery on the abdomen afraid that coughs fear of pain unless Hdjanah Arushdnah that puts his hand on the wound and coughs to come out because sputum sputum If he stays in the lungs lead to pneumonia.

Explain the internal oblique muscle in the human body

Explain the internal oblique muscle in the human body
Internal oblique muscle: internal oblique muscle

That this muscle fibers that runs perpendicular to the external oblique muscle fibers.
This muscle fibers stick to the membrane in the back that his name: thoracolumber fascia
It Tejen membrane covering the muscles of the back.
Then attach themselves to the bone sciatic iliac crest and then stick a fork upper front sciatic anterior superior iliac spine
Then the outer section of the inguinal ligament.
Lower fiber jump in an arc on the rope Alehimna spermatic cord in men and link ring round ligament in the mirror. Then stick to the transverse abdominal muscle fiber transversus abdominis muscle that are underneath and then attach themselves to the bone Ani pubic bone. Place muscle adhesion named conjoint tendon and is part of the muscle and is not a separate part with them. Fibers then meet in the middle part of the abdomen and upper rib cage.

Internal muscle transverse abdominis muscle TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE:
He graduated from (such as internal oblique muscle) of the membrane that covers the dorsal muscles THORACO LUBMAR FASCIA ILIAC CREST. It is the outer third of the INGUINAL LIGAMENT and the inside of the lower six ribs so interfere with the diaphragm muscle fibers. Most fibers accidentally walk up to the middle of the forward line. Below combine the internal oblique muscle fiber to be common ligament CONJOINT TENDON.
Useful to remember that the external oblique muscle stick to the lower ribs from the outside of the ribs, and internal oblique muscle stick to the bottom of the ribs, and transverse muscle stick Internal Steering ribs.

External oblique muscle in the abdomen

External oblique muscle in the abdomen: External oblique muscle
It extends from the lower eight ribs to bone sciatic iliac crest.
As a second that there is a muscle called serratus anterior muscle extending from the upper eight ribs, muscle Ti_abakan like four fingers in the ribs moderation.
Extends oblique muscle external to the bone sciatic iliac crest to reach the extrusion front of bone sciatic who named fork front upper hip anterior superior iliac spine, this place becomes muscle in Levy aponeurosis named inguinal ligament and jump fork sciatic Supreme we said about that up to bone-Ani pubic tubercle stick to it.
Place jump underneath finished and through which the muscles and blood vessels to the leg
It is very, very important too

Inguinal Ligament is the lower part of the external oblique muscle and is Mttkhan place and introvert to the inside, which is not a separate part of the muscle (as we see the decree in the pictures as in the picture here, for example), but part of the muscle.
And like the vocal cords and is not ropes in fact they are folds of membrane named Cricovocal Membrene.
Some of the fibers Inguinal Ligament spin down and be increasing its name Lacunar Ligament.
Two external Almaúlten muscle fibers from the two sides meet in the middle in the abdomen in a place we call the Linea Alba any white line, white line sticks to the bottom of the breastbone in a place called centrist Xiphoid Process.

Something important to pay attention to it is that where a hole in the muscle fibers at the bottom and the name of the slot: External Inguinal Ring a task in a hernia.

Explain colon cancer

Explain colon cancer:More colon cancers occur in the latter part of the colon, and at least at the beginning of the section of colon any Coecu and Ascending Colon. Cancer in the last section will grow thereby acting intestinal narrowing because it feels that the Human feces has been change and finds it difficult to take him out (ie constipation) and then diarrhea, and Qatar feces smaller than normal. Then observed blood on the stool or a mixture of him and this comes from the tumor mass bleeding in the colon.Cancer that occurs in the first part of the large intestine (ascending colon), the stool is still somewhat fluidly not happen to catch but the cancer bleeds blood Vijtlt with feces over time the patient feels as tired and can not work like before, if he went to the doctor asks doctor sees the blood analysis has poverty in the blood (due to bleeding) Vick doctor that the reason is a malicious process in intestines Verzle to examine bowel Bnazawr.So cancer at the beginning of the large intestine come too late because it does not cause symptoms from the beginning.In all colon cancers doctor sends the patient to check Nador, a thin tube enters the director and the camera see the doctor within the large intestine and take pictures. Ferry doctor inside the intestines and takes him samples sent to a laboratory for Fajsa microscopy to identify the type of cells. The lab test helps a lot because he sees what is cell type as.Sometimes, you must request other tests such as X-ray examination (X Rays) of the abdomen and ultrasound examination, and Tri Is there an extension of cancer outside the intestine, for example, to the liver.If the cancer is discovered early, it is possible to eradicateIf in the inner membrane of the gut only, it is possible to eradicate it by Nador and considers this method of diagnosis and treatment. And if he had entered deep into the bowel wall, it must work process to eradicate part of the bowel and lymph glands in which the disease spreads to the body. If the cancer spread to other organs in the abdomen, for example, liver Vmkkn eradicated in some cases if it was not big or in many places, but whenever the cancer has walked more in the body whenever possible spread to the rest of the body's largest therefore not be here surgeries to cure because it may appear in another place after a period of time, but in order to help relieve symptoms such as arrest and bleeding. And there scans Radiotherapy treatments and chemical treatment with medication Chemotherapy used in these cases.
Either develop colon cancer: It is said that intestinal exposure to unhealthy food, for example, overfilling harmful fat and lack of vegetables and fruits, will intestines of toxic substances on long periods of time, causing the cells to become abnormal cells take the division and proliferation. The disease appears more in the age of fifty years later, and in the communities in which ready-to-eat foods, for example, hamburgers. There are also families where the disease occurs more than other any inheritance therefore examine the genes in these families to see who carries the gene which is a mistake.
And sometimes if Astiousel part of the bowel doctor makes a hole in the abdomen come out feces abroad instead of the anus.
And finally, what can do is try to stay away from food saved and ready to resort to eating fruits and vegetables and what is fresh, protecting yourself from many diseases.

Abdominal muscles: There are 3 muscles in the front of the abdomen:

Abdominal muscles: There are 3 muscles in the front of the abdomen:
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE external oblique muscle.
INTERNAL OBLIQUE internal oblique.
And TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS transverse muscle.
The fourth muscle located in the forward name: RECTUS ABDOMINIS rectus.
Are the blood vessels and nerves between the internal oblique and transverse.
Under the muscle layer of the membrane called TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA which have thick, especially in the lower part of the abdomen.
Then a layer of grease extraperitoneal fat.
Then peritoneum peritoneum.


Muscle over there called membrane Scarpa's fascia

Explanation of the veins in the human body

Explanation of the veins in the human body

 

Never forget that recurrent venous blood from the intestines goes through the pyloric system Portal System. Any arterial blood that comes from the heart and then the aorta Aorta then three Hariaaan that we have explained, but venous blood no longer in the same way but walks in the veins of the liver system called pyloric Portal System and then back to the heart. The reason is that the blood coming from the intestines must pass liver first before returning to the blood circulation in the body in order to Asfih liver فالكبد such as a large refinery task.Pyloric system meaning that the blood comes from veins goes to larger veins and then return these veins to be divided smaller veins (and here place the liver) and then return to be a big veins return blood to the body.How system consists pyloric in the abdomen: Meets vein splenic upper with intravenous visceral upper behind pancreatic shall be intravenous pyloric who climbs behind the duodenal then walks in the lesser Omentum a membrane that between the stomach and the liver, and there is divided into a branch and right branch left and then enters into the liver where divided into very small veins are filtering the blood by the liver cells and then return shall be reported by the intervention to the large vein going to the heart.
Something important: This gate system is not the valves as the rest of the veins in the body, and valves are Valves are growths inside the vein to prevent blood back to the opposite side of the point of runoff. An example found in the veins of the arm and leg but does not exist in this vein pyloric.What's the problem:If there is a disease in the liver, for example, cirrhosis of the liver, the venous blood will face resistant to جريانه. And there was no where valves prevent blood Rahua it swells with blood because flow resistance.Then it will begin the liquid in there to escape from the blood due to the pressure in the veins within the vein. Liquid will gather in the abdominal cavity around the entrails and call this case:Abdominal ascites Ascites which is what happens in liver disease, for example, complications Bilharziasis.
But pyloric him Telecommunication System other Paordh in the body and blood can in this case Ansdadeh to find an outlet for him. These anastomoses communications are contact between pyloric Portal system System and physical Systemic System.This communications Stantfaj and sometimes bleed.These contacts are: contact in the lower part of the esophagus. So it may bleed and Atqi much human blood (Do you remember what happened to Abdel Halim Hafez?)He connection between pyloric vein (branch, which is the left gastric vein) with Reid in the chest named Azygos System. Called a contact in place esophagus Esophageal Varicies if bulged and swelling.The second connection: When the navel in the abdomen and possible to see if swelled called Caput Medusae personal name from Greek mythology, a woman had her hair of snakesContact III: in the lower part of the rectumAnd there are many small connections between pyloric vein and veins back of the abdominal wall and diaphragm veins.

 

 

Cause next sensation of the bowel (intestine)

Cause next sensation of the bowel (intestine):
Be either a natural sense (bowel movement or swollen) or sense of Palm
Tati intestinal nerves called Parasympathetic Parra Simbathawayh These directives reach any make bowel movement moving, and with these nerves are sensory nerves any Tths pain or bloating. Whatever be a member of the site within the abdomen, the pain sensation of him about your feelings in the middle of the abdomen (visceral sense of Visceral Sensation) any vaguely can not locate exactly where and possibly determine its location, but be coming from another area.
This pain is different from pain of the parietal Peritoneum and be strong and clear and in place of the injury actually here feel somatic nerves that feed the parietal Peritoneum and abdominal wall all the nerves are different from visceral nerves.

Visceral artery below: INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY IMA

Visceral artery below: INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY IMA

Nourishes the colon (large intestine): Section III colon browser descending colon + colon twisted + upper section of the rectum.
Region which begins fed a third section of the transverse colon, they also receive ascending visceral artery SMA (branch, which is the MIDDLE COLONIC ARTERY) including known WATERSHED, there are walking on the edge of the artery intestines named marginal artery, which is part of the SMA then complete his career on the edge of the colon, but he gets the blood of the IMA.

IMA gives the forest the following:
left colic artery feeds the descending colon
sigmoidal branches twisted colon feeds
superior rectal artery feeds the upper part of the colon and in fact it is the latter part of the IMA

All these in turn are divided into forest ARCADES any such arcs in shape.

Important notes:
Another part of the IMA artery that feeds the upper rectum related Balhariaaan that feed the lower part of the rectum.

Visceral artery blockage Ima: cause pain abdomen Rectal Angina and bleeding from the bowel we see come out of the exit. In this artery stenosis cause diarrhea or arrested
Mzmnin. Completely obstructive bowel which causes the death of that take blood from him unless the right surgeon and handled the situation quickly. But death this part of the bowel as possible human to live with him but must be slot director in this case through an opening in the abdomen called Colostomie.