Information on weather, climate and atmosphere

Information on weather, climate and atmosphere

Weather and climate

For each of the words weather and climate special significance must not be confused when the expression of the weather.

The weather is intended to describe the State of the atmosphere at the moment or a day where the temperature and amount of pressure and the type of wind that blowing it at the time and the amount of moisture in the clouds and fog and their intensity and other information broadcast by radio, television and daily newspapers-to guide employers associated with the weather such as pilots and navigators and fishermen and farmers and the tribute and others.

Either climate shows a wider and more comprehensive concept meaning the weather because it indicates the State of the atmosphere in the long term may be months or a year or several years, after taking measurements of daily ritual in all its elements and their averages for the climatic situation in any territory in General for example the weather today in Riyadh say mild and sunny climate while Riyadh General hot summers cold in winter and a few most fall winter rains.

The main components of climate, temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, rain and they affect each other, the difference in temperature leads to varying air pressure and air pressure difference leads to winds, and rainfall depends on the type of wind and the coming ones .... And so on.

1-heat

Important:

Heat is the most important of these because the climatic variation of degree of impact on other elements such as atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, condensation and precipitation.

Source:

The Sun is the main source of heat to the Earth and the atmosphere, and the Earth's internal heat effect also but a few degrees. And the advantage of sunlight they give heat and light rays, when the Sun heats the surface of the Sun sent the globe a crusty and water and then cool the gaseous atmosphere reflected the surrounding earth. The temperature rises, the atmosphere near the Earth's surface most distant heat, i.e. the higher the human in the atmosphere I said heat and cold. and the Sun is 93 million miles in space until you reach the surface of the Earth in about eight minutes. And not all sunlight heats the surface of the Earth with one but there are others where heat, which dropped by sunlight vertical or near vertical, other destinations down the slanting sunlight, less heat.

Temperature zones:

The temperature on the Earth's surface, scientists divided into several temperature zones are as follows:.

1. "tropical" warm zone: located between the Tropic of cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn passes through the middle of the equator, and it is hot all year round.

2. the moderate regions "North and South": they be limited between the managed and the polar circles (2/1 66 u & c) which is less than the heat whenever mth managed and approached the polar circles, so each can be divided into two distinct groups as follows:

A moderate greenhouse area: there are between 1/2 23-40 u and c, characterized by hot summers and a winter greenhouse.

B-moderate cold zone are between latitudes 40 2/1 66 u and c and is moderate in summer cold winter.

3. polar regions "North and South": located between the two polar and Arctic and Antarctic, and are distinguished by cold and snow accumulation throughout the year.

C-measuring of temperature:

No human can measure temperature by its sense, but using heat balance known as the thermometer is of two types:

* Centennial bulb and symbolizes his degree (m) or (o) shortcut (age tigrad).

* Thermometer alfhrn Hetty and symbolizes its character (p) short (fhrn hit).

And Centennial bulb is divided into 100 degrees start with zero and is freezing and ends with one hundred degrees is boiling. And Hetty alfhrn thermometer divided into 212 degrees to 180 between the freezing point and the equivalent of 32 p and boiling is 212, figures of 0-32 it without freezing.

2. atmospheric pressure

Surrounding the Earth of all its gas cover known and estimated its height at about 350 km above the sea surface, the cover consists of several gases, mainly nitrogen (nitrogen) and 78% of oxygen and 21% and the remaining 1% other gases and mixtures of materials on it such as water vapor and dust, and this atmosphere is essential to human life, animals and plants on Earth.

And the weight of the atmosphere generates pressure equals weight like all the other objects, for example, if we just had a bowl of air by vacuum machines, the weight of the atmospheric pressure if the thin walls smash.

The weight of the atmosphere varies so pressure depending on temperature or humidity, or the coolness of the air if heated increased its size and thus less intensity and reduced pressure, and the opposite happens if the temperature dropped less so its size and increasing its density, high pressure.

Atmospheric pressure is defined as the weight of a column of air stretching from the sea to the end of the gas atmosphere on the square inch and is normally estimated by 6,6 kg. This is equivalent to a column of mercury height 76 cm the square inch.

Atmospheric pressure is measured by one of the following devices:

3. albarograv.

2. metal Barometer (anroid).

1. normal Barometer (mercury).

Given the different situation of atmospheric pressure on the Earth's surface for heat and humidity, it has been possible to divide the surface of the Earth to areas with low pressure and high pressure as follows:.

1. low pressure zone on both sides of the equator to the heat and fumes and the escalation of the air to the upper layers.

2. high pressure zones around the latitudes of 30 North and South for the lack of water vapor, and air by falling from the top to the bottom, and the downward air is usually heavier than air.

3. mnkhvdahol pressure zones latitudes 60 North and South for mounting الهواءوكثره fumes.

4. high pressure zones when the Poles very cold weklhalabkherh and air landing.

Information on the atmosphere!!

The atmosphere

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Why study the atmosphere?

We all talk about the weather and protection but none of us do something about it, and now through GLOBE students will be able to make their contributions towards the weather through their measurements that can help us better understand the climate of our planet.

There are many reasons to study the weather, we need to know things like the temperature to determine the type of clothes that we wear and do we need an umbrella when going out or not, farmers do they need to know whether the crop will get enough rain. And every one of us would like to know what the weather will be tomorrow or the next day, but may be for six months or a year or even 10 years from now.

And the weather is what happens in the atmosphere today or tomorrow or even next week. The word climate mean weather over time, for example if the temperature in a specific city 25 ° c it is the weather.

The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases composed of 79% nitrogen and 20% oxygen and 1% other gases, including water vapor and carbon dioxide. And the atmosphere is always very active and changes that occur in a part of the world may result in changes in other areas. Therefore, the role of communication and international cooperation is vital to understanding the potential impacts of global climate change and try to comply with them, so it is necessary to measure the environmental variables to monitor the current state of the atmosphere and to alert people before any changes. Through the programme GLOBE students will help scientists understand the environmental conditions today and over time to identify the changes.

Focusing on key scientific ideas: we'll see in this section closely scientific importance for every measure which forms part of the GLOBE.

Blooms

There is water in the atmosphere as a gas (water vapor) means (rain drops or droplets blooms) and solid (snow or sleet crystals). And like other gases which form the air, the water vapour is invisible to the human eye, however, unlike most of the other gases in the ambient air, water vapor under the right circumstances can shift from gas to solid particles or liquid droplets. If the temperature is below the freezing point (as always in the upper layers of the atmosphere), snow crystals and the blooms is the visible form these crystals or droplets.

We all know blooms but not everyone knows the importance of weather and climate. It blooms plays a complex climate system is the source of rain and affects the amount of energy derived from the Sun and ground isolation on the lower atmosphere, as we ever find that almost half of the surface of the Earth blooms tinted blooms also reflect some of the Sun's rays away from the Earth, make Earth cooler than if there was no Pall and at the same time, the thermal energy absorbed some blooms that come out from the surface of the Earth, make the surface warmer, explained Satellite measurements that influence blooms than cold warm impact scientists say that without the presence of blooms in the Earth's atmosphere to the planet warmer by about 30 ° c on average.

Rainfall

Refers to all forms of water rain, liquid or solid, that fall from the atmosphere and reach the Earth's surface. The planet is a planet of water and, in fact, is the only planet in the solar system that are above the surface liquid water. Almost all life depends on water and this water that climbs in the atmosphere to come back again to the surface of the Earth is part of the hydrologic cycle, the largest and most comprehensive in this cycle the water evaporates from the oceans and the Earth and passes through the air and fall to the surface in the form of rain and returns to the sea from the land across the rivers and other waterways.

By knowing where the blooms, and find out where, when and how much rain will fall, scientists can better understand the power tripping Wayne suck in the air, and this in turn helps scientists understand the behavior of the atmosphere surrounding the Earth.

The pH of rain pH

There is a natural rate of acid rain (pH = 5.6 number) because the atmosphere is formed naturally from the fuel combustion gases alhavori produces gases in the air reacts with water vapor and this result in less rainfall pH pH figure of 5.6. This acid rain might have an adverse effect and direct

On plants. It is also extracted from the soil dissolved aluminum ions that help destroy tree roots and these ions if mixed with water springs and lakes they may affect many types of fish.

In addition to the reverse effect on organisms, acid rain damage is enormous structural compositions, known as acid rain helps metal corrosion and helps destroy the monument and stone structures and for this reason the engravings of famous buildings in many parts of the world are deteriorating with increasing rates.

In the GLOBE program students measure the pH pH of the rain and soil and surface water.

Temperature

When you think about the difference between day and night or summer and winter or between tropical and polar climate, we portray this temperature difference. The temperature with rainfall have a significant impact on the kinds of plants and animals that live in a particular region and even forms of soil in this region, so the measurements conducted by students of the GLOBE represents the importance for scientists who study weather and climate, landcover, biology, hydrology, soil