Information about cancer .. Types and
causes, diagnosis and treatment ..
The
human body is made up of cells in different forms and functions. Simplified
each cell contains an external casing and Noah, and the vital information is
kept nucleus of the cell.DNA
contains 46 chromosome, which are comprised of millions of genes. These
genes are determined by the system and method of work of the
cell.
During
our lives some of the body's cells die naturally and the body compensates for
that deficiency in the cells by division. When
you divide the cell to produce another copy of the DNA and then divided into two
cells. This
is what happens in the cell in a simple, where the division process more
complicated than that.
Cell
division usually occurs on a regular basis so that our bodies can grow or to
replace or repair damaged tissue. When
cells work as planned, we enjoy good health, but when that system breaks down,
we get sick.In
the case of cancer cells grow unnatural and instead of compensating only damaged
cells, those cells multiply dramatically and without interruption Vttgy on a
patient problem of so-called tumor.
***************************
Tumors
that are caused by this imbalance of two types:
Benign tumors
(non-cancerous Benign):
They
are usually packed membrane and non-dispersible but some may cause problems for
the injured member, especially if large-scale and the impact would be pressing
on the affected limb or Members near them, which prevents them from working
normally.These
tumors can be removed surgically or treated with drugs or radiation to reduce
the size and that is sufficient to heal them and often do not return
again.
Malignant tumors
(cancerous Malignant):
It is our subject
here.Cancerous
tumors attack and destroy the cells and the surrounding tissue and have a high
potential to spread. They
spread in three ways:
*
Direct spread to tissues and organs surrounding the infected
user.
* Through the
lymphatic system.
*
Using as inseparable blood cell (or cells) from the initial tumor Primary and
transmitted through the device blood Allmphoui or to other distant members
settle in somewhere-
Often members of rich blood, such as lung, liver or lymph nodes
-Causing
the growth of other cancerous tumors called secondary tumors
Secondary.
Cancer
is a group of diseases (more than 100 disease) are similar in some
characteristics among them, has been named the cancer because the swollen blood
vessels around the tumor resemble crabs parties. This disease or
diseases are caused by out-of-control cell. There
is a change in the cell, making it out of the control system, which controls the
cell's functioning as in healthy cells.There
are more than theory attributed to it cause the onset of cancer in the
body.
First
you say that an error has occurred in the DNA at the division which is called
the situation "shift" or mutation. The
incidence of error in the DNA at the division over the increasing exposure to
carcinogens such as tar in cigarette smoke. Many
of these errors for different causes occur in the human body, but the body's
immune system recognize them because they differ from the rest of the cells and
is destroyed.Sometimes
the immune system fails to recognize these cells to its similarity with the rest
of the cells divide and cause whereupon the presence of
cancer.
One
theory says that modern reason is the presence of a simple genetic defect can
not be immune from the noticeable flaw with time cause the exit of the cell
control and then the emergence of cancer.This
theory explains the emergence of some types of tumors in more than one
individual of the same family.
Carcinogens
Carcinogens:
Whether
there was a genetic defect or not, there are known to cause cancer and is
divided into three sections:
Carcinogenic particles
Physical:Such as radioisotopes,
UVAnd some metal fibers
Mineral fibers.The
isotope makes holes for nucleic acid when exposed causing imbalance in gene
regulation.Isotope
comes from X-rays, cosmic rays that reach the earth and radon (naturally
occurring in the earth varying degrees) and so indirectly.The
UV radiation, which comes from the sun, causing the association of some proteins
in the DNA at the time should not be as well, causing an imbalance in the
DNA.Some
minerals such as asbestos fibers cause direct damage to DNA due to their large
size.
Carcinogenic
chemicals, such as the Benzopyrene found in cigarette smoke and the vinyl
chloride used in the plastics industry where fractions associated with DNA,
causing imbalance.
Biological
carcinogens, such as viruses or bacteria cause an imbalance in the cell until
turn into a cancer cell.Examples
of viruses human papilloma virus which causes cervical cancer, and liver virus
epidemic B (hepatitis B virus) and that causes liver cancer is the most common
cancer among men in Saudi Arabia.
The
types of bacteria helicobacter pylori, which causes stomach
cancer.
Cancer
passes through growth in three main phases:
Beginning
(Initiation): this is the first step towards the formation of the tumor where it
starts at the cell level simple change in their work and the way to control this
work substances that cause this initially called carcinogens
(carcinogens).
Evolution
(Progression): tumor composed by a single cell and be a success in growth and
cell division at the expense of the other, and at this stage can be seen
ميكروسكوبيا
Clinical
tumor (Clinical): Here the tumor is large and if not treated will continue to
grow and destroy adjacent tissues and may spread to distant
organs.
Cancer
as we have not a single disease, is a disease may be different for different
cells that give rise to.And
her difference from each are different in their actions as some are fast-growing
and another slow, some fast deployment and another does not spread quickly.
But
all of these types have similar properties with different
patients.
Cancer
treatment varies with the type of tumor or a patient.
Overall main
roads for the treatment of cancer are:Surgery and
removal of the member or infected tissue,Radiotherapy
using X to treat the tumor, chemotherapy use of chemical drugs and hormone
therapy, using hormones for some types of cancer and're going to these methods
in detail.
Definition
of brain cancer:
Is
an unnatural division and is a regular for both brain cells in the brain, the
cerebellum or spinal cord, which causes compression of the other parts of the
brain and hence the loss of one of the senses or
weakness.
And
primary brain tumors (those originating in the original brain) are very rare,
unlike secondary brain tumors that are caused by the spread of the disease from
other members of the body up to the brain.
Symptoms:
Brain
tumors, whether benign or malignant cause similar symptoms, which vary according
to the place of occurrence of the brain.Some of
these symptoms:
1.
Especially
headaches that affects a person in the morning.
2. Nausea and
vomiting.
3. Cause
convulsions.
4. Some
weakness parties Kalaloah or lower.
5. Some
senses weakness or vulnerability.
Causes:
No reasons
yet unknown.
Diagnosis:
Work-ray
scan of the head to make sure of the presence of a tumor after clinical
examination work. Also,
an important examination of the nervous system can even know the place of
infection in the brain.
Other
tests that can be done is injected colored in one of the arteries feeding the
brain then photographing the head where all the arteries appear there.
This
examination is normally if there is an intention to undergo surgery to remove
the tumor
Methods of
Treatment:
1. Surgical
intervention to remove the tumor if was localized to remove the pressure on the
other parts. But
sometimes it is difficult to hold the process if the tumor is close to the
important vital place in the brain.
2. Radiotherapy.
3. Chemotherapy
with that of limited interest, where the drugs can not enter the brain through
the blood vessels, but property can be injected into the cerebrospinal
fluid.
Prevention:
There
are no methods of protection from him for not knowing the causes or factors
leading to it.
The
most important types of brain tumors:
•
Gliomata
• Glioblastoma
Multiform
•
Astrocytoma
• Acoustic
Neurinoma
•
Meningioma
•
Pitutary Tumours
•
secondary transitions to other tumors, such as lung cancer or breast cancer
..
/
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/Definition
of oral cancer:
Is
the abnormal growth and uncontrolled cells lining the oral
cavity.
Symptoms:
1. Sore
in the mouth that does not heal or bleed easily.
. Appearance
of a tumor or an area of small red or white permanently in the
mouth.
3. Difficulty
in chewing or swallowing.
4.
Sore
throat.
5. Be
there to identify the movement of the tongue and jaws or shortness sensation
when wearing artificial dentures.
6. Pain
is rarely a symptom of oral cancer in its early
stage.
Causes:
1. Smoking
and tobacco use (which chews and stores in the mouth).
2. Drinking
alcohol, and since it is often accompanied by excessive smoke, the combination
between the two suspected it increases the risk of mouth
cancer.
3. Cigar
and pipe smoking, which increases the likelihood of cancer of the
lips.
Diagnosis:
Take
a sample of the tumor or lesion in the mouth and examined under a
microscope.
Methods of
Treatment:
1. Surgical
intervention.
2. Radiotherapy.
Prevention:
1. Stay away from
smoking.
2. Stay away from drinking
alcohol./
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / / /
Definition
nasopharyngeal cancer:
Is
the abnormal growth and uncontrolled cells lining the nasal
pharynx(Which
is actually the cavity at the back of the nasal cavity and connects the nasal
cavity and the end of the oral cavity and his delivery of the air entering
through the nose to the upper portions of the respiratory tract in the process
of inspiration and vice versa in the process of exhalation).This
growth leads to blockage of the lumen and then move to the parts and nearby
membranes and then move through the lymph nodes in the neck and sometimes spread
of the tumor in the various organs of the body, especially the bones and
liver.
Symptoms:
1. Headache.
2. Change
in vision.
3. Obstruction in the
nose.
4. Bleeding from the
nose.
5. Numbness in the
face.
6. Pain in the
neck.
And
do not necessarily that the patient complains of all these symptoms, but often
have a concise complaint or presentations. It
is also important that these symptoms may also appear in cases of pharyngitis or
tonsillitis.
Causes:
Does
not have a specific reason, but smoking and alcohol of the most important
reasons associated with this type of cancer.
Diagnosis:
1. Work-ray
scan of the head and neck.
2.
Take
a sample of the lining of the nasal pharynx.
Methods of
Treatment:
1. Surgical
intervention if it is possible to eradicate the infected
part.
. Chemotherapy.
3. Radiotherapy.
4. As
you should consult your dentist if necessary to take any
precautions.
Prevention:
There
are no ways to protect it, but to refrain from smoking and drinking alcohol
contributes to reduce the incidence.
/
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / / / / /Definition
of lung cancer:
Is
the growth of some cells lining the trachea by faster than normal and
irregularly, leading to accumulation and overlap in the process of mucus output,
and develop some multiplier cells rapidly and become malignant. And
these cells crowd out and kill normal cells, and lead to the retention of mucus
in the lungs. And
make up the tumor cells or tumor mass blocking the windpipe, and is one of the
main causes of death of men and women in most industrialized
countries.
Symptoms:
1. Shortness of
breath.
2. Difficulty
in the output of phlegm from the trachea.
3. Chronic
cough.
4. Out blood with
phlegm.
5. Pain
(rarely).
6. Significant
weight loss for no apparent reason with straining.
7. Voice
in the chest during breathing (zoom).
8. Difficulty
in swallowing as a result of pressure of the tumor on the
esophagus.
Causes:
1. Smoking
has been proven that smokers are more easily than others to lung
cancer.
2. High
rate of pollution in the air.
Diagnosis:
1. Work
chest X-ray.
2. Sputum
examination under a microscope.
3. Telescope
aerobic styles Bronchoscopy.
4.
CT scan.
5. Taking
a sample of the tumor by a needle.
Methods of
Treatment:
1. Alasitsal
surgical if possible.
2.
Radiation
therapy and cancer exposing place of X-rays.
3. Chemotherapy
is important for some types of lung cancer as it is used with other treatments
if there are transitions for lung cancer outside.
Prevention:
1. Stay away from
smoking.
2. Separation
plants for the city, where the population.
/
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/
Definition
of breast cancer:
Is
one of the most common types of cancer among women and it happens often after
the age of fifty, but this does not mean that it may not appear at an early age.
Also
is possible to the emergence of the disease in men, but very few compared to
women.
Causes:
Is
unknown but there are factors that help to visit the possibility of infection
and the presence of the disease in a close relative (for those who have suffered
with their mothers or their sisters in this tumor to get used to conduct
self-examination).
There
is a possibility to increase the incidence of the disease in women who had their
first pregnancy after the age of thirty. Also
smoking and excessive alcohol intake is one of the factors which are believed to
be linked to the disease.
Symptoms:
Not
every change in the breast is not the tumor is a malignant tumor, but you should
not neglect any tumor or a change in the shape of breasts It is important to
check with your doctor if you notice:
•
the emergence of the mass in the breast
•
an increase in the thickness of the breast or armpit
• discharge from
the nipple
• contraction
nipple
• local pain in the
breast
•
a change in the size or shape of the breast
Note
that some of these changes occur naturally when you are pregnant or
breastfeeding, or before and after menstruation in some
women.
The
importance of early detection of breast cancer that the cure rate exceeding 95%,
God willing, if the tumor is in its early stages .. But
delay diagnosis this percentage drops to only 25% ..
Is
early diagnosis of breast cancer by following these
steps:
•
Monthly self-examination of the breast for those over the age of forty
women
•
mammography Mammography every two years for women who are over fifty
of.
Methods of
Treatment:
There
are four ways to treat the disease either surgery or chemotherapy or only radial
or hormonal, the doctor may use one or more of these methods, depending on the
nature of the tumor as the treatment plan depends on the type of tumor size and
stage and age of the patient and their health,
Usually
the tumor is removed or the entire breast with or without lymph nodes in the
armpit as a first stage and follows this chemotherapy and radiotherapy for some
patients or radiotherapy only and depending on the
situation.
Chemotherapy
(chemotherapy): is chemotherapy using a vehicle of chemical drugs, which have
impact on the cancer cells stronger than healthy cells, and the treatment either
in the form of intravenous injection or tablets in the mouth, and the effects of
treatment side effects of hair loss, vomiting, and diarrhea But all these effects are temporary.
Also
may be due to the low number of white blood cells and therefore is usually a
blood test continuously and are advised to stay away from complaining of
infectious diseases such as influenza if the number of white blood cells is low
..
Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy - Radiotherapy: is radiotherapy using X-ray intense
high-energy, and the effect of these rays high on Khallaal cancer where they are
more sensitive to radiation than normal cells and recovering more slowly, and
treatment is usually either 20 or 25 sessions radiation (as the case
)
and each session lasts for less than 10 minutes note that the same treatment
during the session may not take more than two
minutes.
The
expected side effects of the treatment are usually
simple
•
inflammation of the skin of the treatment area, it is essential not to use soap
or any kind of creams on the treatment area during
treatment
•
fatigue and loss of appetite, all of these effects occur during the meetings and
usually fade after two weeks of the end of the
treatment.
Hormone
therapy (Hormone Therapy): This treatment begins after the end of radiotherapy
and given to some patients who are over the age of fifty .. Not
all patients need to treat hormonal note that this treatment may last a
lifetime
/
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/
Definition
of stomach cancer:
Is
the abnormal growth and uncontrolled cells lining the internal wall of the
stomach.
Symptoms:
Difficult
to diagnose stomach cancer at an early stage and that the length of time between
the emergence of cancer and the onset of symptoms,They
include:
1. Bloated
stomach.
2. Weight
loss.
3. Anemia and
fatigue.
4. Constant
pain does not respond to treatment.
5. Vomiting.
Causes:
1. The
presence of benign tumors in the stomach.
2. Stomach
remaining after partial gastrectomy.
3. Gastritis self
autoimmune.
4. Injury
shortness digest the long-term.
5. A stomach ulcer
does not heal.
6. Genetic
makeup and I've found that a higher proportion of stomach cancer occur in people
with blood type (a).
Diagnosis:
1. Work-ray
of the stomach after drinking white colored substance
Barium.
2. Work
perspective of the stomach.
3.
Work
ultrasound of the abdomen.
4.
Taking
a sample of the tumor (through the work of the telescope) and examined under a
microscope.
Methods of
Treatment:
1. Surgical
intervention: either be partial removal of the stomach cancers topical or
complete removal of the stomach in the case of cancer
spread.
2. Palliative
surgical procedures: such as the work of metal connections and can alleviate
suffering when infectious cases of obstructive hearted put plastic tubes through
the tumor.
3. Chemotherapy:
used in a limited way to eliminate the transfer of cancer in other
organs.
Prevention:
1. Stay
away from the causes of stomach ulcers, that is smoking, drinking alcohol,
coffee drinking heavily, constantly eating hot spices, frequent extreme
emotion.
/
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/ / / / / / / / / / / / /
Definition
of pancreatic cancer:
Is
the abnormal growth and uncontrolled cells of the pancreas, and be both in the
head of the pancreas or the body or tail.
Symptoms:
Has
no specific symptoms and for this reason the difficulty of diagnosis, but may
sometimes be hidden in the image of inflammation of the gall bladder, and pain
in the upper abdomen accompanied by the pebble
bitter.
Causes:
Believes
that there is substance in the body play a role in the emergence and growth and
the continuation of the cancer cells of the pancreas and is NF-Kappa B.
It
is also an addiction to alcohol and inflammation of the pancreas of the
important reasons in its occurrence.
Diagnosis:
1. Work
ultrasound of the abdomen.
2.
Work CT
scan of the abdomen.
Methods
of Treatment:
1. Surgical
resection in 10% to 15% of cases only.
2. Chemotherapy
Bsitapan(Gemzar).
Prevention:
There are no
ways to protect it
/
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
/
Definition
of liver cancer:
Is
the abnormal growth and irregular liver cells in the event of the primary tumor,
but if it be secondary spread from another member body down to the
liver.
Symptoms:
1. Yellowing
of the body and the eyeball.
2 pain in the
upper abdomen ..
3. Loss of appetite
and weight.
4. Nausea and
vomiting.
5. Rise in
temperature.
6. Feeling
tired and idle.
Causes:
1. Viral
infection hepatitis B or C.
2.
Drinking
alcohol heavily.
Diagnosis:
1. Work CT scan of
the abdomen.
2. Magnetic work
radiography.
3. Analysis of
blood.
4. Examination
Paljaleom radioactive and is important to distinguish between tumors and other
diseases that may infect the liver.
5. Taking
a sample of the tumor and examined under a
microscope.
Methods of
Treatment:
1. Surgical
intervention if the disease is localized or in one of the lobes of the
liver.
2. Chemotherapy
intravenously or directly to the main hepatic artery.
3. Radiotherapy
treatment Tlatifi.
4.
Freeze-tumor
therapy.
5. Liver
Transplantation.
Prevention:
1. No
exposure to hepatitis B or C and by taking precautions when blood transfusions,
and not to use injection used before. And
most importantly to take the vaccine for hepatitis.
2. Stay away from
alcohol.
