Electric power generation methods

Electric power generation methods

The process of generating, electricity production is in fact the process of energy conversion from one format to another according to the available sources of energy in electric energy demand according to the quantities required for this energy, which determines the types of plants and the types of fuels consumption and the confiscation of all affected to determine station type and place and tilt.

Types of plants

Here are the types of plants used at the global level and focus on species used in our country:

1. steam plants.

2. nuclear generating stations.

3. water plants.

4. plants of tides

5. internal combustion power plants (diesel-gas)

6. wind generating stations.

7. solar plants.

6. wind generating stations.

7. solar plants.

1. steam generation plants

Steam generation plants are converted to energy (Energy Converter)

These stations use different types of fuel available such as species by coal or liquid petroleum or natural gas or industrial.

Feature to its large size steam stations and cheap costs for huge potential as they feature the possibility of using saline water, which makes production particularly in bilateral country where fresh water sources.

Siting stations steam Site Selection of Steam Power Station

Control in the selection of suitable sites for thermal plants several factors including

The following:

1. near fuel sources and easily transferred to these sites and provides transportation.

2. near sources of cooling water for the condenser requires large quantities of cooling water. So build these stations usually on the shores of the sea or near the rivers.

3. close to electric power consumption to provide for transmission line construction. Consumer centres are usually cities and residential areas, commercial and industrial complexes

Steam generation plants depends on the type of fuel available and burned in ovens for converting chemical energy in fuel to thermal energy in the flame resulting from the combustion process and the heat energy in water heating boilers (BOILERS) and converted to steam at a temperature and pressure and then shed this steam turbines or steam turbines are designed to this end, the rapid steam turbine axis rotation and thus become thermal energy to mechanical energy on the axis of the turbine. Connects directly to generator axis with the axis of steam turbine generator hub Fedor (AL TERNATOR) the same speed and the exploitation of particular magnetic rotor (ROTOR) of the generator and the stator (STATOR) which are generated on both sides of the static part of the generator power. And drawing number serial shows analog power conversion of the first fuel burning to generate electricity.

There are fundamental differences between steam plants using different fuels in transport, storage and handling and fuel burning. The use of coal common in late last century and early this century, but the discovery and extraction of oil and its products latest radical change in thermal plants which use by 90 percent for easy transportation and storage and heartburn albeit liquid fuel or gas.

Steam generation plants components:

Steam generating station consists in General of the following main parts:

A) furnace: Furnace

A large bowl of burning fuel. And different shape and the type of vessel according to the type of fuel used and the means of storage, transport and handling of fuel and throw solid waste

B) boiler: Boiler

A large bowl containing pure water heated by burning fuel into the water

To steam. And in the often furnace and boiler in a single space to connect

Direct burning fuel and water to be heated.

Boiler types vary depending on the size of the station and the amount of steam produced per unit time.

C) thermal turbine Turbine turbine or

It is a turbine of steel her heart and connects with the body in the form of cylindrical installed by concave plates collides with steam it works on their rotation and swivelling axis with very high speed approximately 3000 rpm turbines vary in size and design and shape depending on the size and speed and steam pressure and temperature, depending on the size of the power station.

D) generator: Generator

Is a generator of a rotor attached directly with turbine and stator axis. and two isolated copper wire to move the rotor magnetic field into an electric current on the edge of the hard member. This birth varies according to the size of the station.

E) intensive: Condenser

A large bowl of steel fell from the top of steam turbine after it has rotated and lost a lot of pressure and temperature, as this intense down stream of the cooling water inside the tubes spiral working to convert steam weak to water where the water into the boiler again by special pumps.

F) chimney: Chimney

A chimney of convection (Brick) very high cylindrical working to expel gas combustion residues to the atmosphere at high altitude to accelerate the expulsion of combustion gases and reduce pollution of the environment surrounding the station.

G) machinery and equipment assistance: Auxiliaries

A large number of pumps and mechanical and electrical motors, speed and steam roasting equipment that helps complete the work in power stations.

2. nuclear power plants: Nuclear Power Station

Nuclear plants sort of thermal plants because it works on the same principle it is generating steam heat and steam works to rotate the turbine which in turn rotates the rotor of generator and electric power generated on the edge of the fixed part of the generator.

The difference in nuclear plants rather than the oven it burns fuel Atomic Reactor here are generated in the heat as a result of the fission of uranium atoms strikes electrons moving in the outer layer of the atom this enormous thermal energy in boiling water in boilers and converted to steam with high pressure and very high degree.

With nuclear power station furnace atomic that needs a separation wall and of radiation and is composed of a layer of firewall and a layer of water and a layer of steel and concrete layer up to the thickness of two metres and to protect workers at the plant and the surrounding environment from atomic radiation contamination.

The first nuclear thermal power station in the world was carried out in 1954 and had been in the Soviet Union card 5 MW. .

And nuclear plants in the country's Arabic is used. But thermal power plants steam used heavily on the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea and Arabian Gulf in electricity generation and water desalination.

3. aquatic plants: Hydraulic Power Stations

Where there is no water in high places such as lakes and rivers can be thought to power generation, especially if the terrain that heavy rainfall or where mountainous rivers and high. In these cases it is possible to generate electricity from the watershed. If rivers of slant requires work of dams in appropriate places of the River to store water. Tnshaa plants usually near these dams as in the course of the Nile River. The High Dam was built and built with power plant installed capacity reached 1800 MW. And on the Euphrates River in northern Syria built a dam and power plant with capacity of 800 MW, vehicle see figure (6-6).

If the riverbed slopes significant regression, can be adjusted in the course of the River towards a neighbouring valleys and an artificial waterfall. This is in addition to natural waterfalls that are used directly to generate electricity, as is happening in Niagara falls between Canada and the United States. Generally, any amount of water present on a certain height contains potential Web site. If the quantity of water fell to the minimum height turned potential energy to kinetic energy. If the quantity of water to shed water turbine took place very quickly and formed the axis turbine mechanical energy. If the connected generator turbine axis to generate the static member of the generator electrical energy.

Hydropower station components: Components of Hydro-Electric Station

Water power station consists in General of the following main parts.

1. waterfalls (Hungarian italics) Penstock

It is a large tube or more at the bottom of the dam, from the top of the waterfall to the turbine and water flowing quickly. There is no sugar in the beginning (Portal) (VALVE) and another at the end of sugar to control the amount of water that spin the turbine.

It should be noted that the dams and sluice gates and channels connected to the water pipe slant vary according to the quantity of water and locations.

B. turbine: Turbine

Turbine and generator are usually in one place complex numbers on the vertical axis. Install the alternator on the turbine. When you open the gate at the bottom of the pipe slash water flows quickly in the concave cavities revolve quickly and it runs with rotor in generator where electricity is generated on the outskirts of this generator.

C) pull tube: Draught Tubes

After that the water flowing in the turbine rotates must be pulled out quickly and easily so as not to impede the rotation. So placed tubes with special forms to be towed out the necessary speed.

D) equipment and machinery assistance: Auxiliaries

Hydropower stations need to many machines such as pumps, gates and keys and spindle speed regulation equipment and other.

4-plants of tidal Tidal Power Stations

 

The tides of the natural phenomena known inhabitants of the shores of the sea. They see the sea water rises in some hours of the day and down in others. And may not know that this height results from the attraction of the moon when near the coasts and that this decline occurs when the moon away from the coasts, i.e. when the Moon, the moon revolves around the Earth in ahligi any hour elliptical cycle every Hijri month, and that the earth revolves around itself every twenty-four hours. If we focus attention on a particular place, and the Moon was informs at night, this means that close to that place and that its appeal is strong. So rising sea water. After twelve hours of that time, the Moon is the part corresponding country, away from the same location dimension plus Qatar globe length it contrary direction becomes attractive Moon and fall in sea levels.

And most of the world a sense of the tide is the Northwest tip of France where the tide of the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of the peninsula of brntania to 30 metres and there was a power plant with a capacity of 400 MW. Where special turbines in the course of rising waters-run extension, then return the water falling and run again.

And places where the tides North coast to the Arabian Gulf region Kuwait where the top d to 11 metres, but this phenomenon is exploited in these areas to generate electricity.

5. internal combustion plants: Internal Combustion Engines

Internal combustion generating stations are machines used for liquid fuels (Fuel Oil) where it burns within the Chambers of combustion after mixing with air, combustion products generated a high pressure gas can move the piston as in the case of diesel machines, or you can rotate the turbine movement role faith as in the case of gas turbines.

1. electricity generation by diesel Diesel Power Station

Diesel machines are used to generate electricity in many places in the Gulf States and especially in small towns and villages. They feature operating speed and speed off but needs relatively high amount of fuel and the cost of energy produced from them will depend on fuel prices. On the other hand there are units with large capacity. (3 MW only). This easy-to-install generators and many are used in emergency situations or during the period of peak load. In this case is usually a large number of these generators in parallel to meet the needs of consumption centres.

2. gas turbine power generation Gas Turbine

The power plants with gas turbines relatively recent Middle East is the most widely used. And are of different sizes and capacities from 1 MW to 250 MW, usually during peak load in countries where there are steam or water plants, note that the take-off and stopped between two and ten minutes.

In most of the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia, used gas turbines for power generation throughout the day, including the peak period. We find today in the markets of mobile units of this emergency generators of various sizes and capacities.

These generators are simple and relatively cheap and fast installation and easy maintenance and does not need much water for cooling. They feature the possibility of using various types of fuel (pure crude oil – natural gas-gas and other ...) and features as well as the operating speed and speed off.

Or disadvantages are poor yield of between 15 and 25%-also a relatively short time and consume a larger amount of fuel compared to thermal power plants.

Gas turbine plants components Components of Gas Turbines

The main parts that make up the power station to gas turbines are as follows:

A) air compressor The Air Compressor

It takes air from the atmosphere and pressure to dozens of air pressure.

B) the combustion chamber The Combustion Chamber

And where compressed air mix of fuel and air piston ablaze together

By means of ignition. The combustion products of different gases at high temperatures and high pressure.

C) turbine The Turbine

It is a horizontal axis turbine belted with hand piston live and on the other hand with the birth but by gears to reduce the speed of the turbine rotation speed too high not commensurate with the speed of rotation of the generator. The gases resulting from the combustion turbine, plunging large feathers on low-pressure (Qatar turbine in this respect) to air through the chimney.

D) generator The Generator

 

Turbine generator with connected by gears to reduce speed as mentioned in some modern turbine turbine is divided to torbintine one for pressure and high speed connected directly with air compressor and turbine called the second capacity directly connected with generator axis.

E) machinery and auxiliary equipment Auxiliaries

Gas turbine plants need certain equipment and machinery assistance as follows:

1. air filters before entering the air piston.

2. the first-run Assistant and is either a diesel engine or electric motor.

3. means of help.

4. cooling water cooling machines.

5. equipment for measuring the temperature and pressure at each stage of the work.

6. electrical equipment known different.

6. electricity generation by wind: Win Power Station

Wind can be used in places where permanent streams are the wind in big fans and high rotation for electric power generation. For example there are small cities in the United States and Europe derives electrical energy necessary for daily consumption of the power plant run by the length of her fan blade wind 25 meters. And no wonder it was known old windmills in Europe sort of exploitation of wind in the rotating millstone, and these days that goes on the East coast of Scotland saw many of these fans that produce electric power as well as the Park on the north shore in Lebanon see these fans raise the water from the sea to the Saltworks producing salt.

7-solar plants.

What can result in practical work in commercialization is the exploitation of solar energy to electrical energy production and in domestic water heating, especially in student and labour groups.