How do you think swarms of living organisms?

How do you think swarms of living organisms?

Collective intelligence: there is a rule that says "no one knows anything and the community know everything." This rule keeps the survival of many kinds of organisms, including

Fish

In Germany conducted experiments on fish shoals scientists proved to correct mistakes their leaders behave properly

Collective intelligence does not need a leader

Jens Krause worked at "laibnates" in Berlin, conducting research on biological behavior, making it "Sunfish" Krause with a team of scientific research, and they planted a real fish shoals Center for experiments. And pressing the button scientists can control the movement of fish and directing right and left, and through that they monitor the reaction of the rest of the swarm fish to one fish. After a hesitant start capture began to accept exotic fish (mechanism) despite the strange behavior, and eventually started the other fish.

The individual does not know anything

Scientists started by another experiment to see how individual decisions shift to collective decisions. The squadron must now choose one of several options for sound decision, and not to be easy at first, the fish must pay mechanism real fish to do strange behavior in normal circumstances. The fish mechanism should make them divert their attention from the food component of the pile worms. In the first experiment within the Fishbowl, the squadron had experience it small and consisted of 2 fish only add to the fish.

Don't be fooled by the community

I turned the attention of Covey pile worms and fish movement that followed made him make a decision. In the second stage of the experiment the fish entered in confrontation with 10 PCs. At this stage the fish mechanism acted the same way as in the first time, the question is "will you be able to fool large Squadron this time as before with Covey?" in this experiment followed the big fish shoal mechanism also to pile worms, but it didn't detract from the worms, and fish swarm the way away from the fish and the nimble decision, this result has been confirmed by further tests.

Jens Krause concluded that in circumstances where the fish wrong Commander the swarm fish does not necessarily follow, unless this decision followed a number of other fish, because this persuades the rest of the flock. Jens Krause speaks of so-called "gradient borders, should a certain percentage of the members of the flock to certain conduct, and then followed by other individuals. Krause says he is not always sufficient to an individual leadership, this is meaningful because individuals can make wrong decisions, and prevent the "social gradient border" mistakes. Scientists say this phenomenon as a form of intelligent species flocks.