Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia

 

lack of blood sugar (Hypoglycemia) and low levels of acute disturbance in the level of blood sugar (glucose in the blood). Because of the need for each body tissues, especially the brain of glucose as an energy source is essential, hypoglycaemia disrupts the proper activity of the brain. Seen at someone the status of hypoglycaemia it feels dizziness, headache, confusion of vision, difficulty concentrating and other neurological symptoms. In the case of the low blood sugar levels to drop even more, which leads to the secretion of hormones epinephrine (Epinephrine) and Norabenefrain (Norepinephrine), these hormones help the body to regulate blood sugar levels. It is due to the secretion of epinephrine (Epinephrine) and Alnorabernfrin (Norepinephrine) for the circulatory system, the more characteristic symptoms of acute hypoglycaemia. The patient may feel chills, diaphoresis (Diaphoresis), an increase in heart rate, anxiety and hunger.

Happens acute hypoglycaemia, or as it is called in English Hypoglycemia, mainly in patients with diabetes. The center of these patients could happen hypoglycaemia as a result of excessive consumption of drugs for diabetes (insulin, Insulin) or because of changing diet and exercising. The healthy person to follow a healthy diet, activity and sports help to reduce the level of sugar, in turn, increases the level of eating sugar, this phenomenon occurs more rapidly in patients with diabetes, the most sensitive to the level of sugar in the blood. The lack of blood sugar and symptoms associated with it, be more common in people with diabetes, and subject to treatment by injecting insulin or medications stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin, such as drugs belonging to the family of sulfonylureas (Sulphonylurea) or from a Almijlitinaidz (Meglitinides), such as, Ribajlinaad (Repaglinide) .

The conditions are the main causes for the emergence of hypoglycaemia in the treatment of these drugs, is the mismatch between time and dose of drug therapy, diet and physical activity. Enters or given insulin secreted by the pharmaceutical, sugar to the cells and leads to the lower level in the blood. Physical activity also leads to sugar entry to cells and further reduction in the level of sugar. If we add to these things, too, not eating, which would prevent a sharp drop the level of sugar, then this will lead to a lack of blood sugar and the appearance of characteristic symptoms of this condition. The education aims to prevent hypoglycaemia by self-monitoring of blood sugar, appropriate doses of medication to the values ​​that are measured, the sports activity performed, in addition to the amount and type of food consumed, all of these steps would prevent significantly the symptoms of lack of sugar in the blood, is comfortable and that may also be dangerous.
Causes and risk factors

Remains the level of sugar in the blood in general, within the scope of 80-120 mg / dL, and among women can be this value is less by 15-20 mg, and more. These symptoms appear in healthy people, upon the arrival of the values ​​of blood sugar by 40-50 mg / dL, and in people with diabetes may begin to appear the values ​​of sugar higher and reach 90-100 mg / dL and above – according to the pace of decline in sugar and sugar first. Whenever the initial sugar level is higher and the pace of decline in sugar faster, show symptoms of low glucose values ​​higher. Comes a sense of the initial low degree of sugar, from the activation of involuntary nervous system (independent – Autonomic) with both his arms, friendly (Sympathetic) and non-friendly (Parasympathetic). Activity is excessive for this device the following symptoms: restlessness (Restlessness), sweating, trembling, hunger, palpitations (Palpitations).

The activation of the autonomic nervous system at a low level of sugar, is actually a defense mechanism of the body, aimed at warning that there is a decrease in the level of sugar, and thus result in a person infected with these symptoms, to discover it and eating, and thus inhibits the decline an additional level of sugar, and returns the level of the value of the sound.

In the absence of an independent discovery of symptoms, and not a correction of the situation by eating or eating sugar, it will continue in the blood sugar level is low, and will show signs and symptoms of central (neuropathy lack of sugar-Neuroglycopenic) resulting from the lack of sugar in the cells of the brain. These symptoms include one or more of the following: headache, confusion (Confusion), Anaasa, disruption in the ability to speak, blurrier vision, behavior, strange or violent, lower degree of consciousness, seizures (Seizures), symptoms of incident vascular stroke, with a double or paralysis of the part of the body, and eventually coma (Coma).

After the device is activated in response to the independent low blood sugar, the body secretes hormones additional, primary among them is glucagon (Glucagon) and other hormones, namely cortisol (Cortisol) and growth hormone (Growth hormone). These hormones, to analyze the storage of sugar in the liver and muscles, and release of sugar from these stores to blood, prevent the entry of additional quantities of sugar to the cells, also operates and urges the production of sugar by the liver from raw materials, up to the muscle and fat (amino acids resulting from the analysis of muscle , and glycerol (Glycerol) resulting from the analysis of the fat cells). In the case of a defect in the secretion of these hormones defending, or eating when you do not respond with the warning given by the independent symptoms, then symptoms may appear central to the lack of blood sugar.

From here, we see that the most effective treatment for hypoglycemia, sugar is taken up immediately at the onset of symptoms independent. 15-20 grams of glucose (sugar) is available, will lead to the high level of sugar in the blood and returning to the proper direction. This amount of sugar present in 3-4 teaspoons of sugar, half cup juice in a natural-Cola Cup, two tablespoons of raisins and one tablespoon of honey. If it is not a person with a lack of blood sugar status of full consciousness, glucagon should be given by injection or glucose given intravenously Center (by the medical staff).

Include the causes of hypoglycaemia in people without diabetes, diseases that prevent the secretion of hormones stimulating the production and release of sugar to the blood, such as Addison’s disease (Addison’s disease) which adversely affects the production of cortisol (Cortisol), injuring the pituitary gland (Pituitary gland), which prevents the other cortisol secretion, and injury to the pancreas, such as pancreatitis or tumors in the pancreas, leading to block the secretion of glucagon;. Serious malnutrition, so that there are no stones to build a basic for the production of sugar, excess alcohol consumption, which prevents the production of sugar in the liver, liver disease, such as viral hepatitis or tumors in the liver, the block is the other production and secretion of glucose from the liver, and thus allow a lack of sugar the blood. In rare cases, tumors develop detachment of insulin in the pancreas (Ansulinih tumors / islet-Insulinoma), which lead to hypoglycaemia. In this case the treatment is removal of the tumor